Visual perception in a blind subject with a chronic microelectronic retinal prosthesis

Humayun, Mark S.; Weiland, James D.; Fujii, Gildo Y.; Greenberg, Robert J.; Williamson, R. Chris; Little, Jim; Mech, B.V.; Cimmarusti, V.; Boemel, Gretchen Van; Dagnelie, Gislin; Juan, Eugene de

doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(03)00457-7

Cited by 790 publications

(604 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Human experiments using subretinal electronic implants have revealed that inner retinal components survive in end-stage retinitis pigmentosa and patients retain a retinotopic map if the retina can be stimulated appropriately. 1 It remains to be seen if transplanted sheets of foetal photoreceptors could wire-up sufficiently to replicate these effects.…”

Section: Generating Photoreceptor Cells From Foetal Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Any strategy to restore sight in these cases would almost certainly require cell replacement or transplantation. Although significant developments have been made with electronic implants over recent years, 1 there will still need to be an interface between electronic hardware and biological tissues at some point along the visual pathway. This will be highly complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stem cell therapy and the retina

MacLaren

Pearson

2007

Eye

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Retinal degeneration culminating in photoreceptor loss is the leading cause of untreatable blindness in the developed world. In this review, we consider how photoreceptors might be replaced by transplantation and how stem cells might be optimised for use as donor cells in future clinical strategies for retinal repair. We discuss the current advances in human and animal models of retinal cell transplantation, focussing on stem cell and reproductive cloning biology, in relation to the practical issues of retinal transplantation surgery.

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Section: Generating Photoreceptor Cells From Foetal Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem cell therapy and the retina

MacLaren

Pearson

2007

Eye

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“…Determining with a normal cat model whether the current provided by the MPA device is sufficient to activate overlying retinal neurons is beyond the scope of this study. However, we should note that more recent studies have shown that current levels that produce visual sensations can damage tissue [27] and that low levels of current are sufficient for eliciting visual function [20] and visually evoked cortical responses [28].…”

Section: In Vivo Function Of Microphotodiode Array Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given this situation, a number of research groups have examined the possibility that a retinal prosthetic capable of transducing light into an electrical signal might restore visual function following photoreceptor degeneration. In fact, preliminary data from clinical trials approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) suggest improved visual function in patients implanted with subretinal [19] or epiretinal [20] devices. Patients reported both subjective and objective improvements in visual function, including the ability to detect light and motion and recognize objects [19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, preliminary data from clinical trials approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) suggest improved visual function in patients implanted with subretinal [19] or epiretinal [20] devices. Patients reported both subjective and objective improvements in visual function, including the ability to detect light and motion and recognize objects [19][20]. In addition, some patients implanted with a subretinal device showed improvements in color vision and visual acuity [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Status of the feline retina 5 years after subretinal implantation

Pardue

Ball

Phillips³

et al. 2006

JRRD

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Abstract-Retinal prosthetics are designed to restore functional vision to patients with photoreceptor degeneration by detecting light and stimulating the retina. Since devices are surgically implanted into the eye, long-term biocompatibility and durability are critical for viable treatment of retinal disease. To extend our previous work, which demonstrated the biocompatibility of a microphotodiode array (MPA) for 10 to 27 months in the normal feline retina, we implanted normal cats with an MPA implant backed with either an iridium oxide or platinum electrode and examined retinal function and biocompatibility for 3 to 5 years. All implants functioned throughout the study period. Retinal function remained steady and normal with a less than 15 percent decrease in electroretinogram response. The retinas had normal laminar structure with no signs of inflammation or rejection in areas adjacent to or distant from the implants. Directly over the implants, a loss of photoreceptor nuclei and remodeling of inner retinal layers existed. These results indicate that the subretinal MPA device is durable and well tolerated by the retina 5 years postimplantation.

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Outer Retinal Degeneration

2004

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To review progress toward an electronic retinal prosthesis for outer retinal degeneration. Method: Literature review. Results: Retinal degenerations such as retinitis pigmentosa result in a loss of photoreceptors. There is a secondary loss of inner retinal cells, but significant numbers of bipolar and ganglion cells remain for many years. Electrical stimulation can produce phosphenes in the eyes of individuals who are blind as a result of retinitis pigmentosa. Several research groups are trying to exploit this phenomenon to produce artificial vision with electronic retinal prostheses. Two groups, with private company sponsorship, have recently implanted first-generation devices in subjects with advanced retinitis pigmentosa. They have reported limited preliminary results. This article seeks to put these results in a broader context and review potential obstacles to successful prosthesis development. These include inner retinal cell viability, high thresholds, signal encoding, power requirements, biocompatibility, and device encapsulation. Conclusion: There has been substantial progress toward an electronic retinal prosthesis, but fully functional, long-lasting devices are not on the immediate horizon.

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Visual perception in a blind subject with a chronic microelectronic retinal prosthesis

Cited by 790 publications

References 15 publications

Stem cell therapy and the retina

Stem cell therapy and the retina

Status of the feline retina 5 years after subretinal implantation

Outer Retinal Degeneration

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