Visual Parsing After Recovery From Blindness

Ostrovsky, Yuri; Meyers, Ethan M.; Ganesh, Suma; Mathur, Umang; Sinha, Pawan

doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02471.x

Cited by 118 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

119

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…been probed through studies of controlled-reared animals [54], newborn human infants [55] and older children with a delayed onset of pattern vision [56,57]. Converging findings from all these strands of research provide evidence that animals from insects to humans recognize objects primarily on the basis of their shapes, regardless of task demands [58].…”

Section: Recognizing the Shapes Of Visual Formsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Core systems of geometry in animal minds

Spelke

Lee

2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Research on humans from birth to maturity converges with research on diverse animals to reveal foundational cognitive systems in human and animal minds. The present article focuses on two such systems of geometry. One system represents places in the navigable environment by recording the distance and direction of the navigator from surrounding, extended surfaces. The other system represents objects by detecting the shapes of small-scale forms. These two systems show common signatures across animals, suggesting that they evolved in distant ancestral species. As children master symbolic systems such as maps and language, they come productively to combine representations from the two core systems of geometry in uniquely human ways; these combinations may give rise to abstract geometric intuitions. Studies of the ontogenetic and phylogenetic sources of abstract geometry therefore are illuminating of both human and animal cognition. Research on animals brings simpler model systems and richer empirical methods to bear on the analysis of abstract concepts in human minds. In return, research on humans, relating core cognitive capacities to symbolic abilities, sheds light on the content of representations in animal minds.Keywords: cognitive development; animal cognition; navigation; geometry CORE COGNITIVE SYSTEMS IN ANIMAL MINDSFor well over 2000 years, studies of higher cognition have focused primarily on capacities that are unique to humans, such as language and geometrical intuitions. Debates about the nature and sources of these capacities continue to the present day, however, and progress in resolving them pales by contrast with the progress achieved in understanding the perceptual capacities that humans share with other animals. This contrast highlights problems faced by attempts to study higher cognition in any species, and it hints at a solution to those problems.The modern study of perception began with research on humans, who experimented on themselves to probe the physical events that evoke conscious experiences of colour, tone or motion. The power of these 'psychophysical experiments' was greatly enhanced, however, by parallel research on animals. Studies of perception in humans and in other animals were mutually illuminating: while human psychophysical findings guided research on animal perceptual systems, animal research shed light on the development and architecture of those systems, using methods of controlled rearing, neurophysiology and (more recently) genetics. Research from evolutionary biology and computer science enriched both sets of insights, by shedding light on the computational problems that visual systems evolved to solve.The study of higher cognition has not experienced the same synergies. Indeed, attempts to use human conscious experience as a guide to animal research often lead to blind alleys, because human intuition is a poor source of insights into animal minds. This failure stems, we suggest, from three prominent differences between perceptual systems, on one hand, and higher cognitive...

show abstract

Section: Recognizing the Shapes Of Visual Formsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Core systems of geometry in animal minds

Spelke

Lee

2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Long-term studies on previously blind humans who gained their visual senses after successful surgeries clearly revealed (i) that visual recognition is learned, (ii) that observation of motion and transformation of foreground objects are important, and (iii) that labels are less important than previously expected, (cf . [25]). …”

Section: Segmented Frames Input Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to still images, videos offer several advantages: (i) It is relatively easy to segment an object from the background using motion and observed temporal consistency, (ii) videos capture a higher variability of an object's appearance, and (iii) a small set of videos already provides a large number of training images. Moreover, there are rich and easily accessible sources for realistic video material such as YouTube or Vimeo, and it has been reported in literature [3,25,31] that learning from continuous image sequences is also biologically plausible. Humans tend to learn and categorize moving objects first, i.e., foreground vs. background, learn valid transformations, etc., and then gradually extract general knowledge that also allows for improving the recognition skills on stationary objects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unsupervised Object Discovery and Segmentation in Videos

Schulter¹,

Leistner²,

Roth³

et al. 2013

Procedings of the British Machine Vision Conference 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Unsupervised object discovery is the task of finding recurring objects over an unsorted set of images without any human supervision, which becomes more and more important as the amount of visual data grows exponentially. Existing approaches typically build on still images and rely on different prior knowledge to yield accurate results. In contrast, we propose a novel video-based approach, allowing also for exploiting motion information, which is a strong and physically valid indicator for foreground objects, thus, tremendously easing the task. In particular, we show how to integrate motion information in parallel with appearance cues into a common conditional random field formulation to automatically discover object categories from videos. In the experiments, we show that our system can successfully extract, group, and segment most foreground objects and is also able to discover stationary objects in the given videos. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the unsupervised learned appearance models also yield reasonable results for object detection on still images.

show abstract

“…This traditional picture has been refined recently (Maurer et al, 2005;Ostrovsky et al, 2009). Some phenomena of early deprivation are explained by Hebbian competition -pruning of exuberant neural connections that are present in early infancy.…”

Section: Perception Of Form and The Three-dimensional World In Newly mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Third, early deprivation affects both the ventral and the dorsal system of vision, and there is no obvious overall difference in plasticity between the two streams. Ostrovsky et al (2009) examined high-level form processing in three subjects shortly after recovery. They found that static cues for image parsing like good continuation and junction structure were ineffective.…”

Section: Perception Of Form and The Three-dimensional World In Newly mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenomenal Qualities and the Development of Perceptual Integration

Hudák

Jakab

Kovács

2013

Handbook of Experimental Phenomenology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this chapter, data concerning the development of principal aspects of vision is reviewed. First, the development of colour vision and luminance perception is discussed. Relevant data accumulated so far indicates that perception of colour and luminance is present by 6-9 months of age. The presence of typical color illusions at this age suggests that the phenomenal character of color experience is comparable to that of adults well before the first birthday. Thus it seems plausible that color perception develops on the grounds of genetically preprogrammed maturation, in which perceptual learning and plasticity play a limited role. This claim also seems to be supported by case studies of newly sighted patients. On the other hand, perceptual integration of edges and forms in the visual environment as well as the development of binocular vision, and the perception of ambiguous figures seem to depend crucially on early perceptual learning. Both developmental and clinical data indicate a more significant involvement of perceptual learning in such mid-level and higher level perceptual phenomena.

show abstract

Visual Parsing After Recovery From Blindness

Cited by 118 publications

References 33 publications

Core systems of geometry in animal minds

Core systems of geometry in animal minds

Unsupervised Object Discovery and Segmentation in Videos

Phenomenal Qualities and the Development of Perceptual Integration

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About