Visual observation of the effect of magnetic field on moving air and vapor bubbles in a magnetic fluid

X-ray image analysis and ultramicroscope study of magnetic fluids used as working liquid in heat transfer experiments

“…The boiling characteristics of the magnetic fluids have been visualized using the x-ray microfocus equipment and experimental setup can be found in Ref. 5. The maximum strength of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet was 0.2 T. Distribution of magnetic field strength and magnetic field gradient along the Z direction are given in Fig.…”

“…However, the heat transfer characteristics of heat pipe using magnetite ionic magnetic fluid fluctuated from experiments to experiments and failed to show any improvements over pure water case. 5 These results demanded a detailed investigation on the performance of boiling ionic magnetic fluid under applied magnetic field and their durability under heating and cooling cycles for a prolonged period of time. In this article, we report the results obtained from visualizing the boiling characteristics of water-based and ionic magnetic fluids using x-ray microfocus equipment and ultramicroscopic observation of magnetic fluids used in heat transfer experiments.…”

Effect of a uniform magnetic field on dielectric two-phase bubbly flows using the level set method

“…The ultrasonic wave echo method was used for photography, when the bubble shape and its deformation were not clear. Nakatsuka et al [9] considered the nonuniform magnetic field effect on air and steam bubbles in magnetic fluids experimentally. These researchers declared that application of a magnetic field to bubbly flow in a heat pipe controls and increases the heat transfer rate.…”

Drag enhancement due to macro-chains in uniformly magnetized ferrofluids

“…Thin sample environments are, unfortunately, subject to wall effects [9,10] and are not representative of a three-dimensional system. X-rays have been used in the past to image ferrofluids internally [11,12], but at insufficient resolution to quantify detailed dynamics of small scale features. To the best of our knowledge, there has not been any previously reported high-resolution X-ray measurement of dynamics within a bulk ferrofluid sample.…”