Visual Observation of Redistribution and Dissolution of Palladium during the Suzuki–Miyaura Reaction

Abstract

Now you see it, now you don't: A specially designed reactor that heats only a small area of Pd foil during a Suzuki–Miyaura coupling permits observation of the surface changes during the reaction. Dissolution of Pd occurs only in the heated zone, and only in the presence of aryl iodide, whereas deposition of Pd occurs preferentially on the unheated zones adjacent to the reactive zone. SEM and XPS are employed to probe the surface before and after reaction.

A novel long-wavelength fluorescent probe for discrimination of different palladium species based on Pd-catalyzed reactions

“…Consistently, in the uorescence spectra, probe MFC exhibited very weak uorescence at 612 nm as expected when excited at 560 nm, and a dramatic turn-on uorescence enhancement at 612 nm was observed aer triggered with Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 (Fig. 1b).…”

“…Therefore, the following experiments were carried out in the solution of DMSO/PBS (3 : 7, v/v). Encouraged by these observations, the timedependent uorescence intensity changes of probe MFC in presence of Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 was studied (Fig. S3 in ESI †).…”

“…And the best ratio of DMSO/PBS (pH ¼ 7.4) was found to be 3 : 7. Furthermore, normally used buffer solutions (PBS, HEPES and Tris-HCl) were also tested for the probe MFC and the mixture of probe MFC with Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 . Judging from the results, the buffer solution of PBS exhibited the best results (Fig.…”

“…We examined the pH effect on probe MFC in the absence and presence of Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 , respectively (Fig. 2).…”

Application of “Boomerang” Linear Polystyrene-Stabilized Pd Nanoparticles to a Series of C-C Coupling Reactions in Water

“…Since leaching of soluble metal species from the support is a major cause of catalyst deactivation, efforts have been reported to develop an effective support that prevents leaching of metal species [16][17][18][19]. In contrast, leaching of Pd species has been observed directly and shows high catalytic activity in some systems [24][25][26]. Recently, palladium nanoparticles generated in situ for the Suzuki coupling reaction and aerobic alcohol oxidation in water were recovered using linear polystyrene, even in the presence of organic compounds [27].…”