Visual Object Agnosia in Brain Lesions (Review)

Abstract

Visual gnostic disorders are among the possible causes of disability in patients with brain lesions, but their prevalence and clinical significance in neurological practice are underestimated. This review gives insight into visual object agnosia as a manifestation of brain pathology. Particular attention is paid to the present-day ideas of the neuroanatomical and neurophysiological basis of visual gnosis. Clinical variants of visual object agnosia, their morphological substrates, features of neuropsychological diagnosis and basic approaches to patient rehabilitation are described. The unique possibilities of computer technologies for implementation of physical measurement principles, digital mapping and controlled optimization in diagnostic and rehabilitation processes, particularly, in visual object agnosia, are presented. Special emphasis is placed on the necessity to develop standardized valid methods for diagnosing visual object agnosias to improve the ways of their correction in neurological practice.

Adolescents reading texts in LexiaD, a dyslexia-specific Cyrillic font: A mobile eye-tracking study

“…When there is a need to directly test visual processing, researchers should either adopt tasks previously used for English and French (a moving dot task, global/partial array recall, reading with coloured overlay, etc. ; see Introduction for more details) or rely on tests designed by Russian psychologists, neuropsychologists, and speech therapists (Akhutina et al, 2016;Bezrukikh & Morozova, 1996;Tikhomirov et al, 2019). Some of these tasks (Akhutina et al, 2016;Bezrukikh & Morozova, 1996) are intended for use in pre-schoolers and primary school children.…”

“…Some of these tasks (Akhutina et al, 2016;Bezrukikh & Morozova, 1996) are intended for use in pre-schoolers and primary school children. The figure-background distinction subtests in the studies by Akhutina et al (2016), Morozova (1996), andTikhomirov et al (2019) assess performance in perceptual noise, which might be treated as a proxy for visual stress symptoms occurring in people with dyslexia. It is not clear, however, what would be the Russian alternatives for visual motion perception (a moving dot task) or visual attention span (global/partial array recall) assessments.…”

“…Moreover, it is worth mentioning four tests most popular among specialists in the USA and Canada for assessing visual-spatial skills (LaDuke et al, 2018;: the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (copying and drawing a complicated line picture from memory), the Block Design Test (rearranging blocks according to a pattern), the Judgment of Line Orientation Test (matching two angled lines to a set of 11 lines), and the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (copying drawings of geometric forms). One should consider such tests (alongside the tests from Akhutina et al, 2016;Bezrukikh & Morozova, 1996;and Tikhomirov et al, 2019) when recruiting participants with broader visual deficit profiles.…”