Visual Neural Development

Movshon, J. Anthony; Sluyters, Richard C. Van

doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.32.020181.002401

Cited by 395 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…Visual input is known to have dramatic effects on the organization of the cortex 23 , a process which has also been demonstrated in self-organizing models 3,24,25 .…”

Section: Spontaneous Retinal Wavesmentioning

confidence: 84%

Pattern-Generator-Driven Development in Self-Organizing Models

Bednar

Miikkulainen

1998

Computational Neuroscience

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Self-organizing models develop realistic cortical structures when given approximations of the visual environment as input. Recently it has been proposed that internally generated input patterns, such as those found in the developing retina and in PGO waves during REM sleep, may have the same effect. Internal pattern generators would constitute an efficient way to specify, develop, and maintain functionally appropriate perceptual organization. They may help express complex structures from minimal genetic information, and retain this genetic structure within a highly plastic system. Simulations with the RF-LISSOM orientation map model indicate that such preorganization is possible, providing a computational framework for examining how genetic influences interact with visual experience.

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“…Visual input is known to have dramatic effects on the organization of the cortex 23 , a process which has also been demonstrated in self-organizing models 3,24,25 .…”

Section: Spontaneous Retinal Wavesmentioning

confidence: 84%

Pattern-Generator-Driven Development in Self-Organizing Models

Bednar

Miikkulainen

1998

Computational Neuroscience

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“…In contrast to a host of literature covering this topic in mammals (for reviews see refs. 4,16,44,55,59), no such information is available about birds so far. This paper is the first to demonstrate the existence of a sensitive period for the effects of monocular deprivation in an altricial bird, the zebra finch.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sensitive period for the morphological effects of monocular deprivation in two nuclei of the tectofugal pathway of zebra finches

Herrmann

Bischof

1988

Brain Research

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Previous experiments with 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) suggested the existence of a critical period for the effects of monocular deprivation in the nucleus rotundus of zebra finches. The present study concerns the time course of this sensitive period for the morphological effects of monocular deprivation in two areas of the tectofugal visual pathway of zebra finches, the nucleus rotundus of the thalamus and the telencephalic ectostriatum. Cell size and volume changes were measured in birds subjected to 40 days of unilateral eye closure starting at ages spaced regularly throughout the first 70 days of life. The results show that monocular deprivation markedly affects cell size in both areas if the treatment starts at one or 10 days posthatch. The differences between deprived and non-deprived neurons decline monotonically with increasing visual experience prior to deprivation. However, deprivation onset at day 40 again causes as severe effects as early monocular closure. Deprivation as from day 50 or later no longer leads to abnormalities. The measurements of the volume of the nucleus rotundus parallel the cell size measurements, with the exception that the second increase in sensitivity occurs with deprivation onset at day 50 instead of day 40. These data indicate that the time course of the sensitive period for the effects of monocular deprivation may be double-peaked: the sensitivity for external stimuli declines from hatch until day 30, but has another peak at 40-50 days of life. The definite end of the sensitive period, as determined with this method, can therefore be assumed to be at around day 50-60.

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“…Experiments in monkeys, ferrets, and cats suggest that orientation-selective responses in adults could be learned from exposure to oriented patterns (as reviewed by Movshon and van Sluyters 1981). For instance, Blakemore and Cooper (1970) found that if kittens are raised in environments consisting of only vertical contours, most of their V1 neurons become responsive to vertical orientations.…”

Section: Orientation Map Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructing visual function through prenatal and postnatal learning

Miikkulainen¹

2007

Neuroconstructivism Volume TwoPerspectives and Prospects

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Although environment-driven learning can explain much of postnatal neural development, substantial organization and functional ability is present even at birth. Recent experimental discoveries of widespread spontaneous neural activity suggest that prenatal development may utilize very similar mechanisms and principles as postnatal learning, driven by internally generated sources instead of the environment. This chapter shows how this idea can explain features of the organization and function of the primary visual cortex (V1) and higher level face-processing areas. Specifically, we simulate how neural preferences for contour orientation and human faces can develop prenatally from internally generated activity and postnatally from natural image stimuli. These simulations are based on HLISSOM, a hierarchical self-organizing model of the development of topographic neural maps. The results match experimental neuroimaging and psychophysical data from newborn and older animals and humans, and provide concrete predictions about infant behavior and neural activity for future experiments. They also suggest that combining internally generated activity with a learning algorithm is an efficient way to develop complex neural machinery.

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Visual Neural Development

Cited by 395 publications

References 112 publications

Pattern-Generator-Driven Development in Self-Organizing Models

Pattern-Generator-Driven Development in Self-Organizing Models

The sensitive period for the morphological effects of monocular deprivation in two nuclei of the tectofugal pathway of zebra finches

Constructing visual function through prenatal and postnatal learning

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