Visual, motor, and psychomotor development in small-for-gestational-age preterm infants

Pinello, Luisa; Manea, Silvia; Pozza, L. Visonà Dalla; Mazzarolo, Monica; Facchin, Paola

doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2013.03.026

Cited by 11 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The exception to this was vision exams, which were abnormal in the small for gestational age infants compared with the appropriate for gestational age infants. This is consistent with a recent report that demonstrated that small for gestational infants were prone to develop low visual acuity 16 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…This is consistent with a recent report that demonstrated that small for gestational infants were prone to develop low visual acuity. 16 Limitations of this study include its inherent retrospective design and limited sample size. Further studies should be prospective or focused on larger, multi-centre databases.…”

Section: Utility Of Small For Gestational Age Versus Low Birth Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The importance of small for gestational age in the risk assessment of infants with critical congenital heart disease

et al. 2013

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Background Infants with critical congenital heart disease who require cardiothoracic surgical intervention may have significant postoperative mortality and morbidity. Infants who are small for gestational age (SGA) <10th percentile with foetal growth restriction may have end-organ dysfunction that may predispose them to increased morbidity or mortality. Methods A single institution retrospective review was performed in 230 infant with congenital heart disease who had cardiothoracic surgical intervention <60 days of age. Pre-, peri-, and post-operative morbidity and mortality markers were collected along with demographics and anthropometric measurements. Results There were 230 infants 57 (23.3%) small for gestational age and 173 (70.6%) appropriate for gestational age (AGA). No significant difference was noted in pre-operative markers - gestational age, age at surgery, corrected gestational age, Society for Thoracic Surgeons and –European Association for Cardiothoracic Surgery mortality score; or post-operative factors - length of stay, ventilation days, arrhythmias, need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, vocal cord dysfunction, hearing loss; or end-organ dysfunction - gastro-intestinal, renal, central nervous system, or genetic. Small for gestational age infants were more likely to have failed vision tests (p=0.006). Small for gestational age infants were more likely to have increased 30-day (p=0.005) and discharge mortality (p=0.035). Small for gestational age infants with normal birth weight (>2500 grams) were also at increased risk of 30-day mortality compared to AGA infants (p=0.045). Conclusions Small for gestational age infants with congenital heart disease who undergo cardiothoracic surgery <60days of age have increased risk of mortality and failed vision screening. Assessment of foetal growth restriction as part of routine preoperative screening may be beneficial.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Utility Of Small For Gestational Age Versus Low Birth Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

The importance of small for gestational age in the risk assessment of infants with critical congenital heart disease

et al. 2013

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“…We found SGA children as a whole group had poorer gross and fine motor development than AGA children, which was consistent with findings of some previous studies [ 44 ] but not with others [ 45 ]. However, we did not observe any substantial difference in motor development across SGA etiological subgroups.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Etiological Subgroups of Small-for-Gestational-Age: Differential Neurodevelopmental Outcomes

Eiden

Epstein

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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ObjectivesIt remains unclear why substantial variations in neurodevelopmental outcomes exist within small-for-gestational-age (SGA) children. We prospectively compared 5-y neurodevelopmental outcomes across SGA etiological subgroups.MethodsChildren born SGA (N = 1050) from U.S. Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (2001–2007) was divided into etiological subgroups by each of 7 well-established prenatal risk factors. We fit linear regression models to compare 5-y reading, math, gross motor and fine motor scores across SGA subgroups, adjusting for socio-demographic confounders.ResultsCompared to singleton SGA subgroup, multiple-birth SGA subgroup had lower mean reading (adjusted mean difference, -4.08 [95% confidence interval, -6.10, -2.06]) and math (-2.22 [-3.61, -0.84]) scores. These disadvantages in reading and math existed only among multiple-birth SGA subgroup without ovulation stimulation (reading, -4.50 [-6.64, -2.36]; math, -2.91 [-4.37, -1.44]), but not among those with ovulation stimulation (reading, -2.33 [-6.24, 1.57]; math 0.63 [-1.86, 3.12]). Compared to singleton SGA subgroup without maternal smoking and inadequate gestational weight gain, singleton SGA subgroup with co-occurrence of maternal smoking and inadequate gestational weight gain (GWG) had lower mean reading (-4.81 [-8.50, -1.12]) and math (-2.95 [-5.51, -0.38]) scores. These differences were not mediated by Apgar score.ConclusionsMultiple-birth SGA subgroups (vs. singleton SGA) or singleton SGA subgroup with co-occurrence of smoking and inadequate GWG (vs. singleton SGA subgroup without maternal smoking and inadequate gestational weight gain) have poorer cognitive development up to 5 y.

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“…Pinello et al . 4 studied the visual performance, the psychomotor performance and the cognitive development of preterm children who were SGA and AGA, and showed that the SGA aged one year of corrected age were more prone to presenting with low visual performance and abnormal cognitive development. In the long term, other authors observed neurological development deficit in premature infants born SGA at the age of five years, in comparison to premature infants born AGA, and these deficit rates were mostly associated with microcephaly 5 However, the studies are controversial when they state that the condition of premature SGA birth increases the risks for problems in neuropsychomotor development in the short, medium or long term.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the long term, other authors observed neurological development deficit in premature infants born SGA at the age of five years, in comparison to premature infants born AGA, and these deficit rates were mostly associated with microcephaly 5 However, the studies are controversial when they state that the condition of premature SGA birth increases the risks for problems in neuropsychomotor development in the short, medium or long term. 4 , 6 , 7 , 8 These studies assessed only preterm newborns (PT-NB) after reaching the age of term or after that, and there are not many investigations comparing the neurodevelopment of premature newborns SGA and AGA before they reach 37 weeks of postconceptional age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocomportamento De Bebês Nascidos Pré-Termo, Pequenos E Adequados Para a Idade Gestacional

Silva

Cunha

Linhares

et al. 2018

Rev. paul. pediatr.

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Objective: To compare the neurobehavioral development of preterm infants with postconceptional age between 32 and 36 weeks and 6 days, according to the adequacy of the weight for the gestational age at birth.Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed comparing two independent groups. The 55 preterm infants who were included in the sample were hospitalized in a neonatal intermediate care unit and were evaluated using the Neurobehavioral Assessment of the Preterm Infant (NAPI) at the postconceptional age between 32 and 36 weeks and 6 days and compared according to the adequacy of the weight for the gestational age. In addition to the comparison between the groups, infants who were born small for gestational age (SGA) and those ones adequate for gestational age (AGA) were also compared, considering the type of intrauterine growth. The following instruments were used: NAPI, anamnesis script, Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria, and medical records.Results: Infants were born with mean gestational age of 32.0 weeks, with the postconceptional age and postnatal age of 34.8 weeks and 19.5 days, respectively. The sample consisted of 55% of female infants. The results did not show any differences in NAPI domains between SGA and AGA groups, neither in the subgroups of SGA babies with symmetric or asymmetric growth.Conclusions: There was no difference between SGA and AGA babies in relation to neurobehavioral development evaluated before reaching term.

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Visual, motor, and psychomotor development in small-for-gestational-age preterm infants

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

The importance of small for gestational age in the risk assessment of infants with critical congenital heart disease

The importance of small for gestational age in the risk assessment of infants with critical congenital heart disease

Etiological Subgroups of Small-for-Gestational-Age: Differential Neurodevelopmental Outcomes

Neurocomportamento De Bebês Nascidos Pré-Termo, Pequenos E Adequados Para a Idade Gestacional

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