Visual Mis- and Disinformation, Social Media, and Democracy

Dan, Viorela; Paris, Britt; Donovan, James M.; Hameleers, Michael; Roozenbeek, Jon; Linden, Sander van der; Sikorski, Christian von

doi:10.1177/10776990211035395

Cited by 49 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…While the term "fake news" is still used for scientific purposes by some authors, there is an apparent movement away from it in the literature, mostly due to its restricted technical relevance (Dan et al,2021). A relevant part of the conceptual debate in the English language builds on the distinction between disinformation and misinformationthe latter being commonly referred to as information that is "false by definition" 10 but has not been disseminated with a specific purpose to cause harm.…”

Section: Scope and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Don’t Shoot the Message: Regulating Disinformation Beyond Content in Brazil

Keller¹

2021

IJSS

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Focusing on the EU Code of Practice on Disinformation, this paper argues that European debates about regulating online disinformation need to be set against a broader perspective on regulating the digital environment as a public infrastructure. Occupying the grey area of legal but “harmful” content, disinformation is difficult to define, poorly understood, always evolving, and entangled in the fundamental right to freedom of expression. Self-regulatory mechanisms to increase the accountability of digital platforms, such as the EU Code, have repeatedly failed to address these core issues. Moreover, there is little evidence to suggest that the co-regulatory framework envisaged by the EU’s Digital Services Act will improve this situation. After reviewing these failures and weaknesses, this paper will suggest that policymakers can achieve better civic and democratic outcomes by focusing - not on a minority of large platforms and the content they host - but on regulating the digital environment as a public infrastructure through, for example, robust competition, data portability, and interoperability rules. Such actions have the potential to break the dominance of Big Tech while incentivising better and new services for citizens.

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Section: Scope and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Don’t Shoot the Message: Regulating Disinformation Beyond Content in Brazil

Keller¹

2021

IJSS

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“…The spread of COVID-19 disinformation during the past 2 years and the current Ukraine-Russia war have shown the critical importance of information literacy in today's day and age. Being able to discern factual information from opinion and also being able to detect misinformation and disinformation in the media have become more important than ever, as our recent JMCQ Invited Forum highlighted (Dan et al, 2021).…”

Section: Information Literacy In the Age Of Disinformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Information Literacy in the Age of Disinformation

Dimitrova¹

2022

Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly

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“…While major platforms have moderated pornographic material so that it no longer looms as the threat it once was, they have claimed that they cannot moderate all problematic content at this speed and scale of social media and are loath to appropriately support human moderators to do this work (Caplan, 2018;Roberts, 2019). They are ill-equipped and uninterested in managing audiovisual manipulation performed with inexpensive editing software that allows the cutting, speeding up, slowing down, or simply recontextualizing images (Dan et al, 2021). These are the same techniques advertisers and content creators use to generate content that drives engagement with the platform.…”

Section: Digitized Bodies and Harmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, these powerful technical systems that cause so much harm could be reformed in keeping with the EU General Data Protecton Regulation (GDPR) and California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) regulation around the right to be forgotten. Or they might be dismantled and replaced by a new cooperativelyowned and -governed internet infrastructure (MacLellan, 2021;Paris, 2021;Dan et al, 2021;Scholz, 2016;Tarnoff, 2019) where users or collectives of users, not corporations, are more meaningfully in control of creating and enforcing accountable and meaningful processes through which individuals who are abused, targeted, and extorted by using technologies can address these abuses (Citron, 2016; S. U. Noble, 2018;Roberts, 2019).…”

Section: What Can Be Done?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Configuring Fakes: Digitized Bodies, the Politics of Evidence, and Agency

Paris

2021

Social Media + Society

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This comparative case study analysis used more than 200 examples of audiovisual manipulation collected from 2016 to 2021 to understand manipulated audiovisual and visual content produced by artificial intelligence, machine learning, and unsophisticated methods. This article includes a chart that categorizes the methods used to produce and disseminate audiovisual content featuring false personation as well as the harms that result. The article and the findings therein answer questions surrounding the broad issues of politics of evidence and harm related to audiovisual manipulation, harassment, privacy, and silencing to offer suggestions towards reconfiguring the public’s agency over technical systems and envisioning ways forward that meaningfully promote justice.

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Visual Mis- and Disinformation, Social Media, and Democracy

Cited by 49 publications

References 82 publications

Don’t Shoot the Message: Regulating Disinformation Beyond Content in Brazil

Don’t Shoot the Message: Regulating Disinformation Beyond Content in Brazil

Information Literacy in the Age of Disinformation

Configuring Fakes: Digitized Bodies, the Politics of Evidence, and Agency

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