Visual Methods to Assess Strain Fields in Armour Materials Subjected to Dynamic Deformation—A Review

Ellis, Chris L.; Hazell, Paul J.

doi:10.3390/app10082644

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(130 reference statements)

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“…The stereoscopic system was mounted on a tripod and subsequently calibrated. Finally, the displacements fields occurring at the specimen surface during loading and unloading stages were measured using the commercial software package VIC-3D, from Correlated Solutions Inc. [31,35].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indentation Measurement in Thin Plates under Bending Using 3D Digital Image Correlation

et al. 2021

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In the current paper, a novel experimental methodology to characterize the contact behavior on thin plates under bending is presented. The method is based on the experimental measurement of the indentation observed during contact experiments. Tests were conducted using aluminum thin plates and a steel sphere to evaluate the effect of thickness and bending during contact. For this purpose, a non-contact optical technique, 3D Digital Image Correlation (3D-DIC), has been employed to measure the out-of-plane displacements experienced at the rear face of the specimens (opposite where the contact is occurring). An indirect measurement of the experimental contact law is obtained for different plate thicknesses (2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm and 6 mm) as the contact load increases. An energy balance performed during contact experiments made it possible to evaluate and quantify the applied energy to generate bending and contact deformation. When the specimen thickness increases from 2 mm to 6 mm, contact deformation reaches higher values from the total applied energy. In addition, it is also possible to evaluate the portion of the elastically recovered energy for contact and bending deformation during the unloading. It has been observed that thicker specimens show a lower elastic energy recovery due to bending and a higher elastic energy recovery due to contact. Results clearly show how the ratio between absorbed and applied energy changes as the specimen thickness increases, highlighting the relevance of the proposed method for the characterization of contact behavior in thin plates.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indentation Measurement in Thin Plates under Bending Using 3D Digital Image Correlation

et al. 2021

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“…To obtain soil surface information using DIC technology, the soil surface must have recognisable characteristics [33]. According to the characteristics of the tested soil and the requirements for crack identification using DIC technology, white paint and coal particles were used as base materials and speckles, respectively.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two lenses and LED light of the XTDIC system were mounted on a horizontal beam secured with an adjustable-height steel bracket. It combined DIC technology and binocular stereo vision technology [33]. Two cameras positioned at different angles were used to capture speckle patterns on the sample's surface, and 3D spatial information was obtained through calibration.…”

Section: Experimental Device and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Dynamic Mechanism of the Desiccation Crack Initiation and Propagation in Red Clay

Chen

Yang

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Red clay is susceptible to cracking in desiccating environments, with resulting crisscrossing cracks that compromise the soil structure and increase the likelihood of geological hazards. To investigate the dynamic mechanism of the initiation and propagation of soil desiccation cracks under natural hygrothermal conditions, a desiccation test was conducted on a red clay slurry using three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D DIC) technology. The evolution behaviour of desiccation cracks was analysed, and the dynamic relationships between moisture content, displacement field, strain field, and soil desiccation cracking were explored. The test results showed that the Atterberg limits of red clay are correlated with desiccation cracking. Cracks tend to initiate in areas where tensile strain is concentrated or significant displacement differences exist. Following crack initiation, the surrounding strain and displacement fields redistribute, influencing the propagation direction, development rate, and morphology of subsequent cracks nearby. Additionally, the relative displacement and strain at the edges of cracks are related to the crack propagation direction. Earlier crack initiation usually corresponds to a larger relative displacement and strain at the crack edges, while the displacement and strain at the soil clod centre are typically smaller than those at the crack edges. DIC technology can quickly and accurately obtain dynamic information about displacement and strain fields, providing feasible technical support for analysing the dynamic mechanism behind soil desiccation cracking. It has potential value in engineering hazard prevention and sustainable development.

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“…The higher energy absorption was obtained for the materials that presented more intergranular fracture mode. Therefore, intergranular fracture behavior is desirable as it deviates the propagation of the crack, resulting in greater energy absorption [1,3,5,11,13,[14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Microstructures Of Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Alumina Compounds with Niobia, Silica and Magnesia for Ballistic Armor

Gomes¹,

Lima

Jesus

et al. 2020

MSF

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Compounds of alumina APC-2011 SG with niobia, silica and magnesia were sintered at 1400°C/3h, in order to evaluate their ballistic performance. The content of niobia (Nb2O5) was 4.0 to 8.0 wt.%; silica (SiO2) was 0.8 wt.%; and magnesia (MgO) at 0.15 wt.%. Sintered samples were characterized by hardness, densification and energy absorption at impact. Ballistic tests were performed by ceramic discs firmly glued to steel plates and then subjecting the target to impact using 7.62 mm projectile shot from a rifle with a throw distance of 5 m. The energy absorbed by the disintegration of the ceramic discs was estimated by the residual velocity. The fracture surfaces of the samples were observed by scanning electron microscopy. It was verified for the first that the addition of high amounts of Nb2O5 to the alumina with the presence of SiO2 and MgO increases the presence of vitreous phase in the contours of alumina grains and improved the properties of the material for use in ballistic protection.

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Visual Methods to Assess Strain Fields in Armour Materials Subjected to Dynamic Deformation—A Review

Cited by 8 publications

References 58 publications

Indentation Measurement in Thin Plates under Bending Using 3D Digital Image Correlation

Indentation Measurement in Thin Plates under Bending Using 3D Digital Image Correlation

Study on the Dynamic Mechanism of the Desiccation Crack Initiation and Propagation in Red Clay

Novel Alumina Compounds with Niobia, Silica and Magnesia for Ballistic Armor

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