Visual masking by flickering surrounds

Green, Marc

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(83)90216-x

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This increase in sensitivity was not, however, observed in Experiment 4. The data are similar to those recently reported by Green (1983), who showed that a flickering uniform field surrounding a test field reduces the detection thresholds of gratings moving within the central field. In Green's experiments, as in those described here, a pronounced attenuation was observed with spatial frequencies lower than 2 or 3 cpd in the presence of temporally modulated surrounds.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…This would then allow for a further reduction in sensitivity in the presence of the temporally modulated surrounds. Green (1983) did not mention the total duration of his cosine temporal envelope .54-cpd stimulus, and it is thus possible that the two stimuli differed sufficiently in duration to account for the varying results of the two experiments in this regard. Alternatively, there may be only one type of channel sensitive to low spatial frequencies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of peripheral movement and flicker on the detection thresholds of sinusoidal gratings

Bowling

1985

Perception & Psychophysics

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of peripheral movement and flicker on the detection thresholds of sinusoidal gratings

Bowling

1985

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…These data are basically the same as those obtained in an experiment by Green (1983), who investigated the effects of 7.2-Hz drifting sine-wave-grating surrounds upon a central flickering blank field. The elevation of the detection threshold of the temporal modulation of the central field declined with increasing surround spatial frequency, and was negligible at 3 cpd and above.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

“…The reduction in sensitivity is confined to test spatial frequencies lower than about 2 cycle/deg (cpd) (Bowling, 1985;Green, 1983). The effect occurs both with counterphase flickering test gratings and with briefly pulsed presentations of the test stimuli.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

The effects of the contrast, spatial frequency, and temporal frequency of a surrounding field upon the detection thresholds of gratings

Bowling

1985

Perception & Psychophysics

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Three experiments, in which the temporal and spatial characteristics of square-wave gratings surrounding a central test field were varied, are reported. The detection thresholds of I-sec presentations of a 5-Hz counterphase flickering .5-cycle/deg (cpd) sinusoidal grating were measured under the different surround conditions. Threshold was found to increase with increasing surround contrast, and to be confined to surround spatial frequencies of2 cpd and below. Maximum threshold elevation occurred with surround drift frequencies at about 8 Hz, irrespective of spatial frequency.It was concluded that the surround effect is probably due to an inhibitory interaction between transient-type mechanisms in the central visual field and the pheriphery.It has recently been shown that sensitivity to a central low-spatial-frequency test grating is reduced by a moving grating or counterphase flickering blank field surrounding it. The reduction in sensitivity is confined to test spatial frequencies lower than about 2 cycle/deg (cpd) (Bowling, 1985;Green, 1983). The effect occurs both with counterphase flickering test gratings and with briefly pulsed presentations of the test stimuli. Bowling hypothesized that the surround effects would occur only in situations in which "transient" mechanisms were stimulated, since it was thought that temporal modulation of the surround altered the responsiveness of mechanisms with this type of time-course. 1 Flickering and pulsed presentations oflow-spatial-frequency gratings appear strongly to stimulate these mechanisms. The pronounced reduction in sensitivity to low-spatial-frequency flickering or pulsed gratings thus supported the hypothesis. However, Bowling (1985) also observed a low-spatial-frequency sensitivity reduction when the test presentation was a f-sec cosine temporal envelope, indicating that the same mechanism is perhaps responsive to low spatial frequencies under both flickering and slow onset conditions. The nature of the surround was also shown to have some influence on sensitivity reduction. A flickering blank field, and a moving low-frequency square-wave grating, both temporally modulated at 6.8 Hz, produced similar effects, but a greater reduction in sensitivity was observed when the orientations of the test and surround gratings were the same than when they differed by 90°. Consequently, it appears that although the sensitivity reduction is partly produced by the temporal modulation of the surround, This experimental work was made possible by the award of an Australian Research Grants Service grant to the author. The contribution of Daveena Brain in serving as subject is also gratefully acknowledged.

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“…uniform flicker masks low-spatial-frequency moving gratings but affects neither high-spatial-frequency moving targets nor stationary gratings of any spatial frequency (Green, 1981a(Green, , 1983c(Green, , 1983a(Green, , 1983b. When target detection is mediated by the transient system, monocular masking should be large (both luminance and transient effects) and dichoptic masking should be moderate (the transient effect alone, since the luminance one does not transfer).…”

Section: Relative Background Amplitudementioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of monoptic and dichoptic masking by light

Green

Odom

1984

Perception & Psychophysics

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Observers detected drifting gratings presented on a steady uniform field or on a background of uniform flicker with the same time-averaged luminance. Masking effects were obtained whether the flicker mask was presented to the eye on the same side as the test grating or to the one on the opposite side. Unlike masking-by-light studies, in which the mask changes the mean luminance of the display, dichoptic effects were only slightly smaller than those obtained monoptically. Moreover, when observers detected flicker masked by gratings, the dichoptic effect was as large as or larger than the monoptic masking. These results are consistent with the view that masking by light involves separate steady-state luminance and transient components. It is likely that only the transient effect occurs under conditions of dichoptic stimulation.

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Visual masking by flickering surrounds

Cited by 23 publications

References 31 publications

The effects of peripheral movement and flicker on the detection thresholds of sinusoidal gratings

The effects of peripheral movement and flicker on the detection thresholds of sinusoidal gratings

The effects of the contrast, spatial frequency, and temporal frequency of a surrounding field upon the detection thresholds of gratings

Comparison of monoptic and dichoptic masking by light

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