Visual inspection with acetic acid and Lugol�s iodine in cervical cancer screening at the general referral hospital Kayembe in Mbuji-Mayi, Democratic Republic of Congo

Abstract

IntroductionCervical cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality of women from cancer in the developing World. It is the primary cause of reduced life expectancy in Sub-Saharan countries such as Democratic Republic of Congo. The aim of this work was to determinate the socio-demographic profile of women with precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix, to determinate the frequency of VIA and VILI positive cases and to show the challenges that can be faced in managing patients with abnormalities in the city of Mbuji-Mayi in the Democratic Republic of Congo.MethodsAs part of its activities, the “Association de Lutte contre le Cancer du Col utérin” (ALCC) organized a community outreach followed by free voluntary testing for cervical cancer for two weeks (26thMarch to 10th April 2011) at the General Referral Hospital Kayembe in Mbuji-Mayi (Democratic Republic of Congo).ResultsA total of 229 women were examined. 38% of tests (VIA + VILI) were positive with 6 clinically suspected cases of invasive cancer at stage 1 (7% of cases). Nearly 70% of patients were still of childbearing age and had started their first sexual intercourse before 18 years of age and 86% of cases were multiparous. Given the material, financial and technical constraints, 75% of patients were placed in a monitoring program of 9 months to 1 year (= expectation and another test) while 11% of them were selected for a biopsy to be locally practiced and sent to the pathologist. Nearly 8% of the cases were candidates for hysterectomy.ConclusionGiven the difficulties encountered and the frequency of positive tests, we recommend another study with a larger sample, improved working conditions (mainly equipment) and the association of another test such as the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) test.

Optical imaging for early detection of cervical cancer: state of the art and perspectives

“…Conventional methods for detecting cervical cancer include direct methods, which are the gold standard techniques, such as the Pap-smear test and visual inspection with acetic acid and Lugol’s iodine. 2 , 9 , 10 The Pap smear test involves the collection of cells from the transformation zone, which are stained and examined by clinicians to differentiate between normal and cancerous cells. The visual inspection, with or without colposcopy, involves assessing the cell’s nuclear morphology and reaction after applying acetic acid and Lugol’s iodine.…”

Screening for cervical cancer in Africa: A proposal of a different combination of VIA test and cervical smear in Uganda

“…[10][11][12] whereas most of the studies propose a combination of tests. [13][14][15][16][17] The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and usefulness of the VIA test as well as of the VIA test combined with other screening techniques, such as the cervical smear, in Uganda in order to find possible solutions that may be used in a low-resource setting.…”