Visual Inference for the Funnel Plot in Meta-Analysis

Kossmeier, Michael; Tran, Ulrich S.; Voracek, Martin

doi:10.1027/2151-2604/a000358

Cited by 50 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…The media effect theory states that the effect of media has boundary conditions. That is, people only pay attention to a limited number of messages in the categories that they are interested in, and only the messages they choose are likely to affect them (Klapper 1960). This phenomenon has been confirmed by various studies.…”

Section: Selective Media Exposurementioning

confidence: 79%

The influence of media consumption on public risk perception: a meta-analysis

Chun-hua

Jiang

Liu

et al. 2020

Journal of Risk Research

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Media is an important explanatory variable in the research on the social amplification of risk; the public often perceives risks in social life through media consumption such as by relying on, using, and trusting the media dialectically. Currently, researchers have not reached a consistent conclusion about the relationship between media consumption and public risk perception (PRP). This study uses meta-analysis to integrate empirical literature and conducts a more in-depth and systematic analysis of the relationship between media consumption and PRP. The results show that (1) there is no significant correlation between general media use (GMU) and PRP, there is positive relationship between selective media exposure (SMEX) and PRP, and there is no significant correlation between media source credibility (MSC) and PRP. (2) Further meta-regression and subgroup analyses show that country type significantly moderates the relationship between GMU and PRP. Compared with high uncertainty avoidance countries, the relationship between GMU and PRP in low uncertainty avoidance countries is stronger. Moreover, risk type significantly moderates the relationship between SMEX and PRP. Compared with terrorist crime, environmental, accident and other types of risks, the SMEX is more positively correlated with public's food safety and health risk perception. In addition, media type moderates the relationship between MSC and PRP. Compared with traditional media and internet social media, the MSC of mixed media have a stronger positive relationship with PRP.

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Section: Selective Media Exposurementioning

confidence: 79%

The influence of media consumption on public risk perception: a meta-analysis

Chun-hua

Jiang

Liu

et al. 2020

Journal of Risk Research

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“…There were also indications that a single jurisdiction was responsible for attenuation to non-significance in some injuries, such as the lone positive effect among musculoskeletal conditions in the Northern Territory (1.00, 0.04 to 1.96). We conducted “leave one out” sensitivity analyses, 25 which tested the effect of dropping each jurisdiction from meta-analyses. Combined effects for mental health conditions became significant with the exclusion of both Comcare (-1.74, -3.41 to -0.08) and South Australia (-1.71, -3.42 to 0.00), and for musculoskeletal conditions with the exclusion of the Northern Territory (-0.69, -1.35 to -0.03).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analyses were conducted in R with RStudio using the following packages: ggpubr , 22 lubridate , 23 metafor , 24 metaviz , 25 rdd , 26 rddtools , 27 scales , 28 see , 29 tidyverse , 30 and zoo . 31 Aggregated data and R code are available on a FigShare repository.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Step-downs reduce workers’ compensation payments to encourage return to work. Are they effective?

Lane

Sheehan

Gray

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Objective: To determine whether step-downs, which cut the rate of compensation paid to injured workers after they have been on benefits for several months, are effective as a return to work incentive. Methods: We aggregated administrative claims data from eight Australian workers compensation systems to calculate weekly scheme exit rates, a proxy for return to work. Jurisdictions were further subdivided into four injury subgroups: fractures, musculoskeletal, mental health, and other trauma. The effect of step-downs on scheme exit was tested using a regression discontinuity design. Results were pooled into meta-analyses to calculate combined effects and the proportion of variance attributable to heterogeneity. Results: The combined effect of step-downs was a 0.86 percentage point (95% CI -1.45 to -0.27) reduction in the exit rate, with significant heterogeneity between jurisdictions (I2 = 68%, p = .003). Neither timing nor magnitude of step-downs was a significant moderator of effects. Within injury subgroups, only fractures had a significant combined effect (-0.84, 95% CI -1.61 to -0.07). Sensitivity analysis indicated potential effects within mental health and musculoskeletal conditions as well. Conclusions: The results suggest some workers compensation recipients anticipate step-downs exit early to avoid the reduction in income. However, the effects were small and suggest step-downs have marginal practical significance. We conclude that step-downs are generally ineffective as a return to work policy initiative.

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“…Results were considered significant when p < 0.05. As recommended by Shild and Voracek [ 49 ], we used a rainforest plot, an enhanced variant of the classic forest plot, consisting in a graphical display of estimated results of a number of studies on the same issue (here, the overall average means of LC 50 or IC 50 calculated per DTU-parasite form-time point), using the “viz rainforest” function of the metaviz package for R [ 50 ]. The results of the statistical comparisons between groups defined by parasite form–drug incubation time—DTU were reported on the rainforest plot.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro susceptibility of Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units (DTUs) to benznidazole: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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Background Chagas disease, a neglected tropical disease endemic to Latin America caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, currently affects 6–7 million people and is responsible for 12,500 deaths each year. No vaccine exists at present and the only two drugs currently approved for the treatment (benznidazole and nifurtimox), possess serious limitations, including long treatment regimes, undesirable side effects, and frequent clinical failures. A link between parasite genetic variability and drug sensibility/efficacy has been suggested, but remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated associations between T. cruzi genetic variability and in vitro benznidazole susceptibility via a systematic article review and meta-analysis. Methodology/Principal findings In vitro normalized benznidazole susceptibility indices (LC50 and IC50) for epimastigote, trypomastigote and amastigote stages of different T. cruzi strains were recorded from articles in the scientific literature. A total of 60 articles, which include 189 assays, met the selection criteria for the meta-analysis. Mean values for each discrete typing unit (DTU) were estimated using the meta and metaphor packages through R software, and presented in a rainforest plot. Subsequently, a meta-regression analysis was performed to determine differences between estimated mean values by DTU/parasite stage/drug incubation times. For each parasite stage, some DTU mean values were significantly different, e.g. at 24h of drug incubation, a lower sensitivity to benznidazole of TcI vs. TcII trypomastigotes was noteworthy. Nevertheless, funnel plots detected high heterogeneity of the data within each DTU and even for a single strain. Conclusions/Significance Several limitations of the study prevent assigning DTUs to different in vitro benznidazole sensitivity groups; however, ignoring the parasite’s genetic variability during drug development and evaluation would not be advisable. Our findings highlight the need for establishment of uniform experimental conditions as well as a screening of different DTUs during the optimization of new drug candidates for Chagas disease treatment.

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Visual Inference for the Funnel Plot in Meta-Analysis

Cited by 50 publications

References 23 publications

The influence of media consumption on public risk perception: a meta-analysis

The influence of media consumption on public risk perception: a meta-analysis

Step-downs reduce workers’ compensation payments to encourage return to work. Are they effective?

In vitro susceptibility of Trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units (DTUs) to benznidazole: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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