Visual Imagery Differences in the Recall of Pictures

Abstract

Male and female subjects who differed in their verbal reports of visual image vividness were tested for recall in three experiments involving coloured photographs as stimuli. In all three experiments subjects who reported vivid visual imagery were more accurate in recall than subjects who reported poor visual imagery. In the first two experiments, females recalled more accurately than males. On the assumption that vividness reports and recall were both mediated by the same covert event -a visual image -these results provide further evidence that images have an important role in memory.In what ways, if any, does the recall of a man who states that his imagery is clear and vivid differ from that of another who reports imagery that is vague and dim? A number of recent studies (Paivio, 1969(Paivio, , 1970Bugelski, 1970) have been interpreted as demonstrations of the functional significance of imagery in tasks involving a memory component. Can individual differences in verbal reports of imagery vividness therefore be used as a predictor of performance in memory tasks?

Are synesthetes exceptional beyond their synesthetic associations? A systematic comparison of creativity, personality, cognition, and mental imagery in synesthetes and controls

“…We decided, after pilot testing, not to use the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ; Marks, 1973) because vividness is only one possible dimension of mental imagery. Moreover, the VVIQ requires evaluation of one's own mental vividness using an unknown standard and is therefore prone to response bias.…”

More Evidence for Three Types of Cognitive Style: Validating the Object‐Spatial Imagery and Verbal Questionnaire Using Eye Tracking when Learning with Texts and Pictures

“…For the sake of full transparency, they were as follows: the Verbal–Visual Learning Style Rating (Mayer & Massa, 2003), the Individual Differences Questionnaire (Paivio & Harshman, 1983), the Santa Barbara Learning Style Questionnaire (Mayer & Massa, 2003), the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (Marks, 1973) and the Verbalizer–Visualizer Questionnaire (Richardson, 1977). …”

The functional equivalence of mental images and errors of movement

“…At the beginning of the experiment, subjects first completed the Marks (1973) Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ). This questionnaire contains descriptions of 16 visual scenes that subjects imagine and rate for vividness on a Spoint scale.…”

“…This questionnaire contains descriptions of 16 visual scenes that subjects imagine and rate for vividness on a Spoint scale. Selection of the VVIQ as the measure of imagery vividness was based on its previous success, relative to other self-reporting questionnaires, in predicting individual differences in visual memory; in particular, memory for the detailed structure and spatial configuration of visual objects (Gur & Hilgard, 1975;Marks, 1973;White, Sheehan, & Ashton, 1977). The subject's individual score on the VVIQ was computed at the completion of the experiment; he was later classilied as either a vivid or nonvivid imager depending upon whether his score fell above or below the overall mean.…”