Visual hot spots: An eye tracking study of attention bias in body dysmorphic disorder

Greenberg, Jennifer L.; Reuman, Lillian; Hartmann, Andrea S.; Kasarskis, Irina; Wilhelm, Sabine

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.06.015

Cited by 72 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Holistic visual processing, which emphasizes a global and more integrated view of objects, appears disrupted, with local details of the face and body seeming to override the gestalt view of the whole. Small eye-tracking studies similarly suggested a hyperfocus on features or details instead of wholes (43,44). Preliminary data also suggest abnormalities in executive functioning (45,46).…”

Section: Neurobiological Factorsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Clinical Aspects and Relationship to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Phillips¹

2015

FOC

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Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is an obsessive-compulsive and related disorder that is common and usually causes substantial distress and impairment in psychosocial functioning. BDD is associated with markedly poor quality of life and high rates of suicidal ideation and behavior. The first-line pharmacologic approach is a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, often at relatively high doses; serotonin reuptake inhibitors are also recommended for patients with delusional BDD beliefs. The firstline psychosocial treatment is manualized cognitive-behavioral therapy that is tailored to BDD's unique clinical features; it is not recommended that therapists simply apply cognitive-behavioral approaches for other disorders, such as obsessivecompulsive disorder (OCD). Because insight is so often absent or poor in BDD, motivational interviewing techniques are often needed to engage and retain patients in treatment. Cosmetic treatment (e.g., surgery or dermatologic treatment) is not recommended because it appears to only rarely improve BDD symptoms and can even make them worse. BDD has many similarities to OCD and is probably closely related to OCD, but the two disorders also have some important differences. From a clinical perspective, the most important differences are that BDD is characterized by poorer insight, more frequent comorbid major depressive disorder and substance use disorders, and more frequent suicidality. Although treatment approaches have similarities to those for OCD, effective cognitive-behavioral therapy for BDD meaningfully differs from that for OCD.

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Section: Neurobiological Factorsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Clinical Aspects and Relationship to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Phillips¹

2015

FOC

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“…The aspect was also considered in other similar measures such as the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire, the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination, the modified Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, and the Body Dysmorphic Symptom Scale 11,13,14,16. Patients with body dysmorphic disorder tended to overfocus on the negative appearance attributes 22. The preoccupation with dissatisfaction also triggered the explicit symptoms of the body dysmorphic disorder, eg, the significant distress or impairment in important areas of daily functioning 23.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Body Image Concern Scale using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses in Chinese university students

He¹,

Zheng²,

Ji³

et al. 2017

NDT

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BackgroundThe body dysmorphic disorder is prevalent in general population and in psychiatric, dermatological, and plastic-surgery patients, but there lacks a structure-validated, comprehensive self-report measure of body image concerns, which is established through both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses.MethodsWe have composed a 34-item matrix targeting the body image concerns and trialed it in 328 male and 365 female Chinese university students. Answers to the matrix dealt with treatments including exploratory factor analyses, reserve of qualified items, and confirmatory factor analyses of latent structures.ResultsSix latent factors, namely the Social Avoidance, Appearance Dissatisfaction, Preoccupation with Reassurance, Perceived Distress/Discrimination, Defect Hiding, and Embarrassment in Public, were identified. The factors and their respective items have composed a 24-item questionnaire named as the Body Image Concern Scale. Each factor earned a satisfactory internal reliability, and the intercorrelations between these factors were in a median level. Women scored significantly higher than men did on the Appearance Dissatisfaction, Preoccupation with Reassurance, and Defect Hiding.ConclusionThe Body Image Concern Scale has displayed its structure validation and gender preponderance in Chinese university students.

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“…These results seem to provide further support to some evolutionary explanations, namely that human attention has been adaptively tuned to cues that help solve fitness-relevant problems, such as mating ( Schaller et al, 2007 ). The only exceptions to this pattern were articles related to females suffering from eating disorders ( Jansen et al, 2005 ; Horndasch et al, 2012 ; Greenberg et al, 2014 ) and to females who had higher than average body mass indices ( Roefs et al, 2008 ): these participants were more attentive toward unattractive characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Always on My Mind? Recognition of Attractive Faces May Not Depend on Attention

et al. 2016

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Little research has examined what happens to attention and memory as a whole when humans see someone attractive. Hence, we investigated whether attractive stimuli gather more attention and are better remembered than unattractive stimuli. Participants took part in an attention task – in which matrices containing attractive and unattractive male naturalistic photographs were presented to 54 females, and measures of eye-gaze location and fixation duration using an eye-tracker were taken – followed by a recognition task. Eye-gaze was higher for the attractive stimuli compared to unattractive stimuli. Also, attractive photographs produced more hits and false recognitions than unattractive photographs which may indicate that regardless of attention allocation, attractive photographs produce more correct but also more false recognitions. We present an evolutionary explanation for this, as attending to more attractive faces but not always remembering them accurately and differentially compared with unseen attractive faces, may help females secure mates with higher reproductive value.

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Visual hot spots: An eye tracking study of attention bias in body dysmorphic disorder

Cited by 72 publications

References 30 publications

Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Clinical Aspects and Relationship to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Clinical Aspects and Relationship to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Development of a Body Image Concern Scale using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses in Chinese university students

Always on My Mind? Recognition of Attractive Faces May Not Depend on Attention

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