Visual function among commercial vehicle drivers in the central region of Ghana

Boadi-Kusi, Samuel Bert; Kyei, Samuel; Asare, Frederick Afum; Owusu-Ansah, Andrew; Awuah, Agnes

doi:10.1016/j.optom.2015.06.004

Cited by 27 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…The inherent threat is that given the most accessible and utilized means of transport in Ghana is by road, most of these patients who own cars per their socioeconomic status or engaged in commercial driving do not only endanger their own lives but that of other road users and passengers. Previous studies among commercial drivers in Ghana reported 14.5% of the history of road traffic accidents are due to poor judgment of distance [ 40 ]. Moreover, up to 7.7% of visual impairment among professional drivers is attributable to glaucoma [ 41 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and clinical presentation of glaucoma in a referral facility in Ghana: Any lessons for public health intervention?

et al. 2021

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical profile of patients living with glaucoma and receiving care in a tertiary eye center in Ghana. This was a hospital-based retrospective study of clinical records of glaucoma patients from January 2010 to December 2019. The study involved collating demographic information of patients, clinical presentation, and the management of glaucoma. A total of nineteen thousand (19,000) charts were retrieved from the eye center’s archives. Out of these, 660 (3.5%) records of patients qualified for the study and were analyzed. There were 398 (60.3%) males and 262 (39.7%) females. Their ages ranged from 9 to 86 years (mean age = 47.30; SD ± 16.86 years). The averages of ocular parameters of 1,320 eyes (660 patients) were visual acuity = 0.26 ± 0.55 logMAR; intraocular pressure: 17.31 ± 6.11 mmHg; cup-to-disc ratios: 0.67 ± 0.17 D; and the average retinal nerve fibers thickness was 95.03 ± 21.74 μm. The mainstay of treatment was the sole use of medication. Males were the major group receiving glaucoma care at the tertiary level. Glaucoma cases included juveniles but the mean age suggests most were of adult-onset. Socio-demographic characteristics affected the diagnosis and management of glaucoma among patients receiving care at a referral center. Public health, stakeholders, and policymakers’ interventions can help identify individuals with glaucoma.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and clinical presentation of glaucoma in a referral facility in Ghana: Any lessons for public health intervention?

et al. 2021

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“…The data collection started from January to April 2020 and was obtained from two sources: an ocular examination and a semi-structured questionnaire. The probes in the questionnaires were based on previous studies (Boadi-Kusi et al, 2016). The questionnaire was validated using a Cronbach's alpha correlation of 0.75 on ten (10) drivers who did not participate in the study.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pilot Study of Visual Function Parameters and Their Relationship to Road Traffic Accidents among Drivers in Trinidad and Tobago

Ekemiri¹,

Seepersad²,

Ezinne³

et al. 2021

GJHS

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Background: Vision attributes to about 95% of the sensory requirements for driving. When driving, impaired visual functions will undoubtedly result in a delayed response to obstructions. The regulations governing the issuing and renewal of a driver’s license in Trinidad make no provision of a visual requirement assessment. The study was prompted by an upsurge in road traffic accidents in Trinidad and Tobago, a twin-island nation. Aim: This pilot study investigates the relationship between defects in visual functions and traffic accidents among drivers on the island of Trinidad. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study utilizes a non-probability purposive sampling approach to enroll licensed drivers who had been driving within the island’s districts for the past five years, the study conducted at a Multi-Health-Training Facility in Trinidad’s Central Area. After completing a semi-structured questionnaire, participants were given a full eye examination. Results: 128 licensed drivers, both male and female, were enrolled for this study with ages ranging from 20 to 70 years with a mean age of 40.9 years ± 13.3 years, in which majority (83.6%, n = 107) of the drivers did not perform an eye exam before obtaining/renewing their driver’s license. About 32% (n = 41) of these drivers were involved in an RTA in the last five years. There was a statistically significant association between colour vision defect (c² = 15.94, p = 0.00), contrast sensitivity with a logCS score of less than 1.52 (c² = 25.05, p = 0.00, Cramer’s V= 0.442) and the occurrence of road traffic accident. Conclusion: According to this study, one-quarter of drivers have been involved in a road traffic accident within the last five years, and three-quarters have never had an eye examination before obtaining or renewing their driver’s license. The relevance of designing and developing a screening protocol that can be easily applied to driving safety licensing policies were established in this study. Based on these findings, prospective driver’s license applicants must undergo a complete eye examination, to drastically reduce RTAs.

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“…Even though static visual acuity is the most common clinical test taken into consideration when applying for the driver's license, there is a clear lack of scientific justification to support current visual acuity standards (6,(8)(9)(10) (11)(12)(13). It has been reported that simulated visual acuity alteration mainly affects road sign detection and road hazard management behavior (14,15) when reduced below 20/40, whereas the ability to operate a vehicle is not significantly impaired until vision is degraded to 20/100 or below (14,16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased visual and cognitive demands emphasize the importance of meeting visual needs at all distances while driving

Patoine

Mikula

Romero

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Having an optimal quality of vision as well as adequate cognitive capacities is known to be essential for driving safety. However, the interaction between vision and cognitive mechanisms while driving remains unclear. We hypothesized that, in a context of high cognitive load, reduced visual acuity would have a negative impact on driving behavior, even when the acuity corresponds to the legal threshold for obtaining a driving license in Canada, and that the impact observed on driving performance would be greater with the increase in the threshold of degradation of visual acuity. In order to investigate this relationship, we examined driving behavior in a driving simulator under optimal and reduced vision conditions through two scenarios involving different levels of cognitive demand. These were: 1. a simple rural driving scenario with some pre-programmed events and 2. a highway driving scenario accompanied by a concurrent task involving the use of a navigation device. Two groups of visual quality degradation (lower/ higher) were evaluated according to their driving behavior. The results support the hypothesis: A dual task effect was indeed observed provoking less stable driving behavior, but in addition to this, by statistically controlling the impact of cognitive load, the effect of visual load emerged in this dual task context. These results support the idea that visual quality degradation impacts driving behavior when combined with a high mental workload driving environment while specifying that this impact is not present in the context of low cognitive load driving condition.

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Visual function among commercial vehicle drivers in the central region of Ghana

Cited by 27 publications

References 22 publications

Epidemiology and clinical presentation of glaucoma in a referral facility in Ghana: Any lessons for public health intervention?

Epidemiology and clinical presentation of glaucoma in a referral facility in Ghana: Any lessons for public health intervention?

A Pilot Study of Visual Function Parameters and Their Relationship to Road Traffic Accidents among Drivers in Trinidad and Tobago

Increased visual and cognitive demands emphasize the importance of meeting visual needs at all distances while driving

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