Visual fixation points and depth perception

Kawabata, Nobuo; Yamagami, Kiyoshi; Noaki, Morikazu

doi:10.1016/0042-6989(78)90127-x

Cited by 51 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…Several previous investigators have identified the location of two focal areas within a Necker cube (Figure 1) that seem to favor perception of the cube in opposite orientations (e.g., Ellis & Stark, 1978;Kawabata, 1986;Kawabata, Yamagami, & Noaki, 1978). Fixating location A in Figure 1 seems to favor seeing the cube in a down-to-theleft orientation whereas location A¢ presumably favors an up-to-the-right orientation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Reversible-figure perception: Mechanisms of intentional control

Toppino

2003

Perception & Psychophysics

116

127

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Observers can exert a degree of intentional control over the perception of reversible figures. Also, the portion of the stimulus that is selected for primary or enhanced processing (focal-feature processing) influences how observers perceive a reversible figure. Two experiments investigatedwhether voluntary control over perception of a Necker cube could be explained in terms of intentionally selecting appropriate focal features within the stimulus for primary processing. In Experiment 1, varying observers' intentions and the focus of primary processing produced additive effects on the percentage of time that one alternativewas perceived. In Experiment 2, the effect of varying the focus of primary processing was eliminated by the use of a small cube, but the effect of intention was unaltered. The results indicate that intentional control over perception can be exerted independently of focal-feature processing, perhaps by top-down activation or priming of perceptual representations. The results also reveal the limits of intentional control.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Reversible-figure perception: Mechanisms of intentional control

Toppino

2003

Perception & Psychophysics

116

127

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“…Correspondence to: N. Kawabata perception of the Necker cube (Kawabata et al 1978). Processing of ambiguous figures can be influenced by cognitive factors (Girgus et al 1977;Cornwell 1963).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disambiguating ambiguous figures by a model of selective attention

Kawabata

Mori

1992

Biol. Cybern.

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Ambiguous figures are visual stimuli which are interpreted multiply by the human visual system. A model is proposed which disambiguates the ambiguous figures. The model was formulated based on the characteristics of visual information processing, accompanied with selective attention. In the ambiguous figure "my husband and my father-in-law", it was necessary to simulate visual information processing so that attention was directed to the multiple features in the figure to disambiguate the ambiguous figure. Pictures, obtained from the model, were examined as to whether they were interpreted unambiguously or not. Results show that the model, simulated selective attention, can disambiguate the ambiguous figures. This suggests that the image per se, viewed through selective attention, becomes unambiguous before the figure is interpreted in the higher level. Results also show that the computer simulation of selective attention would make it possible to examine factors affecting the initial interpretation of the figure.

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“…Although bottom-up factors such as fixation position can bias BF perception (Einhauser, Martin, & Konig, 2004), previous studies have shown these effects to be relatively small (Kawabata, Yamagami, & Noaki, 1978;Toppino, 2003). Nonetheless, to minimize eye movement, which may influence the orientation to be perceived in addition to how rapidly spontaneous alternations occur, participants were required to fixate on a point embedded within the BF while an experimenter closely monitored their eye movements and provided verbal feedback throughout training.…”

Section: Bf Training and Ratingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Biasing of a Specific Bistable-Figure Percept Involves fMRI Signal Changes in Frontostriatal Circuits: A Step Toward Unlocking the Neural Correlates of Top-Down Control and Self-Regulation

Raz¹,

Lamar²,

Buhle³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis

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Attention, suggestion, context and expectation can all exert top-down influence on bottom-up processes (e.g., stimulus-driven mechanisms). Identifying the functional neuroanatomy that subserves top-down influences on sensory information processing can unlock the neural substrates of how suggestion can modulate behavior. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we scanned 10 healthy participants (five men) viewing five bistable figures. Participants received a directional cue to perceive a particular spatial orientation a few seconds before the bistable figure appeared. After presentation, participants pressed a button to indicate their locking into the one desired orientation of the two possible interpretations. Participants additionally performed tests of impulse control and sustained attention. Our findings reveal the role of specific frontostriatal structures in selecting a particular orientation for bistable figures, including dorsolateral prefrontal regions and the putamen. Additional contrasts further bolstered the role of the frontostriatal system m the top-down processing of competing visual perceptions. Separate correlations of behavioral variables with fMRI activations support the idea that the frontostriatal system may mediate attentional control when selecting among competing visual perceptions. These results may generalize to other psychological functions. With special relevance to clinical neuroscience and applications involving attention, expectation and suggestion (e.g., hypnosis), our results address the importance of frontostriatal circuitry in behavioral modulation. KeywordsTop-down effect; cognitive control; coruco-striato-thalamocortical (CSTC) circuits; attention; expectation; hypnosis; self-regulation; impulse control 1 The ability to manipulate one's own emotions, thoughts, or actions upon direction from the self or another person. Emotion regulation can be a form of self-regulation, but it could also be induced by a caregiver's actions. 2 The reduction in the probability, speed, or vigor of the normal response to a stimulus based upon instruction from the self or other. It is often measured by scale scores on a questionnaire or by a task that requires one to withhold or delay a response. 3 The literature typically uses the appellation "emotional-regulation" to mean the reduction, increase, or sustaining of an emotional response (e.g., fear, anger, or pleasure) based upon the actions of the self or another. 4 The ability to inhibit, activate or sustain a response, including the capacity to inhibit a dominant response in order to perform a subdominant response. In temperament research individual differences in effortful control are measured as a factor score that combines scales dealing with attention and the ability to regulate behavior on command.NIH Public Access

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Visual fixation points and depth perception

Cited by 51 publications

References 1 publication

Reversible-figure perception: Mechanisms of intentional control

Reversible-figure perception: Mechanisms of intentional control

Disambiguating ambiguous figures by a model of selective attention

Selective Biasing of a Specific Bistable-Figure Percept Involves fMRI Signal Changes in Frontostriatal Circuits: A Step Toward Unlocking the Neural Correlates of Top-Down Control and Self-Regulation

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