Visual Field Sensitivity Prediction Using Optical Coherence Tomography Analysis in Hydroxychloroquine Toxicity

Abstract

Purpose This study investigates the association between local retina structure and visual function in a cohort with long-term hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) use. Methods The study included 84 participants (54 participants without toxicity and 30 participants with toxicity) with history of chronic HCQ use (14.5 ± 7.4 years) who had testing with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging and Humphrey 10-2 visual fields. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) metrics (total and outer retina thickness [TRT and ORT], minimum intensity [MinI], and ellipsoid zone [EZ] loss) were sampled in regions corresponding to visual field test locations. Univariate linear correlations were investigated and a multivariate random forest regression using a combination of OCT metrics was used to predict visual field sensitivity by locus using a leave-one-out cross-validation strategy. Results In univariate linear regression, EZ loss demonstrated the strongest relationship with visual field sensitivities in the parafoveal ring with R 2 = 0.58. TRT and ORT revealed positive correlations with visual field sensitivity (R 2 = 0.57 and 0.40, respectively), whereas total and outer retinal MinI yielded negative correlations (R 2 = 0.10 and 0.22). The multivariate model improved correlations (R 2 = 0.66) yielding a root mean squared error of 3.8 decibel (dB). Feature importance analysis identified EZ loss as the most relevant predictor of function. Conclusions Multiple OCT-derived quantitative metrics used in combination can provide information to predict local sensitivities. The results indicate a strong relationship between retinal function and OCT measures, which contribute to the understanding of the retinal toxicity caused by HCQ as well as being applicable to outcome development for other degenerative diseases of the outer retina.