Visual Dysfunction in Workers Exposed to a Mixture of Organic Solvents

Gong, Yingyan; Kishi, Reiko; Kasai, Setsuko; Katakura, Yoko; Fujiwara, Kyoko; Umemura, Tomohiro; Kondo, Tomoko; Sato, Tetsuro; Sata, Fumihiro; Tsukishima, Eri; Tozaki, Shizuka; Kawai, Takeshi; Miyama, Y.

doi:10.1016/s0161-813x(03)00034-2

Cited by 47 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Almost one third of all participants (both exposed and comparison) had an abnormal color confusion index or a blue-yellow color deWcit. This proportion seems very high compared with other studies such as those of Gong et al (2003) and Ihrig et al (2003).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Impairment of color vision in aircraft maintenance workers

Guest

DʼEste

Attia

et al. 2010

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 58%

Impairment of color vision in aircraft maintenance workers

Guest

DʼEste

Attia

et al. 2010

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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“…It is well imaginable that a low-contrast stimulus that produces an unsaturated response is more sensitive to effects of toxins. That would be in line with the psychophysical findings of decreased contrast sensitivity in solvent-exposed workers [3,4,5,8,11,15,20]. We hypothesised that the relative decrease of the response to a low-contrast stimulus, compared with a high-contrast stimulus, is a promising diagnostic parameter, also because the latter will function as an ''internal reference''.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Visual evoked potentials in workers with chronic solvent encephalopathy

Verberk

Brons

Sallé

2004

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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Objectives: Two promising variations of visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were studied in solvent-exposed workers: the effect of a low-contrast stimulus in comparison with the usually applied high contrast, and the ability of pattern-onset VEP to reveal damage to specific visual cortical areas. In addition, we studied disturbances of a visual event-related potential (P300). Methods: Thirty male patients (48±9 years of age) with solvent-induced chronic encephalopathy, and 41 controls (46±8 years) without solvent exposure, participated. Pattern-reversal checkerboards with low (11%) contrast and with high (93%) contrast between the checks were used. For onset VEPs two dedicated stimulus patterns were used. P300 was elicited with an ''oddball'' paradigm. Results: At low contrast the N75-P100 peak-to-peak amplitude in the controls was 9.6±4.9 lV, i.e. 57% of the amplitude at high contrast (16.3±7.2 lV). In the patients the response at low contrast was only 48% of that at high contrast; the corresponding amplitudes were 7.5±3.5 lV and 15.8±4.9 lV. For the pattern-onset VEPs no effect of exposure was found. With regard to the P300, the patients missed more targets (average 3.6%) than did the controls (average 0.5%). Patients had a smaller P300 amplitude (8.8±4.5 lV) than the controls (11.5±5.3 lV), and a longer latency (390±34 ms compared to 376±24 ms). Conclusion: The results point to a physiological basis for the solvent-induced decrease of visual contrast sensitivity as found by others by means of psychophysical methods. The results also suggest that the neurophysiological examination of the visual system in persons who have undergone exposure to toxins might be benefited by the addition of low-contrast stimuli.

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“…When two or more organic solvents acting upon the nervous system are present, their combined effect, rather than that of either individually, should be given primary consideration 19) . For this reason, we employed four solvent concentrations, together with confounders such as age, gender, smoking status, and alcohol consumption, as independent variables in the multiple regression model, as other researchers did previously 4,9,10) . In the mixture of organic solvent exposure (Table 3), toluene was suggested to be the principal risk factor in neuromotor impairment, and styrene might have a protective effect on sagittal sway with eyes closed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smoking status was scored as "nonsmoker or ex-smoker"=0 and "smoker"=1. The relations of toluene, xylene, styrene, n-hexane, and possible confounders with each neuromotor parameter were tested by the following multiple regression model 4,9,10) :…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The organic solvents differ according to each home factory. In addition, since workers have moved about in the small factories, they have been exposed to a mixture of different organic solvents 4,[8][9][10] . In each process, a certain solvent concentration in the air may have been particularly high because such work (e.g., grinding, gilding or painting) is carried out in a windtight room to avoid airflow.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Mixed Organic Solvents on Neuromotor Functions among Workers in Buddhist Altar Manufacturing Factories

Iwata

Mori²,

Dakeishi

et al. 2005

Journal of Occupational Health

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Effects of Mixed Organic Solvents on Neuromotor Functions among Workers in BuddhistAltar Manufacturing Factories: Toyoto IWATA, et al. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Akita University School of Medicine-To clarify the neuromotor effects of long-term exposure to mixed organic solvents, postural sway and tremor were measured in 62 solvent workers of four Buddhist altar manufacturing factories who had worked for 1-46 (mean 12) yr. By using the passive gas sampler, 8-h time-weighted average concentrations in the workers were estimated to be 0.02-8.7 ppm for toluene, 0.02-7.7 ppm for xylene, 0.02-5.5 ppm for styrene and 0.02-40.5 ppm for n-hexane. Sagittal sway and sway area of the posturography with eyes closed were significantly larger in the solvent workers than in 35 age-matched controls (p<0.05), and there was a significant difference in Romberg quotient of sagittal sway between the two groups (p<0.05). Also, tremor intensities at 1.0-5.9 Hz, 6.0-9.9 Hz and 10.0-13.9 Hz with the right hand, and at 6.0-9.9 Hz with the left hand were significantly stronger in the solvent workers than in the controls. Among the solvent workers, transversal and sagittal sways with eyes open and tremor intensity at 10.0-13.9 Hz were significantly related to toluene exposure (p<0.05), which may have been due to the acute effects of such solvents. These findings suggest that longterm exposure to mixed organic solvents may impair neuromotor functions as measured by postural sway and tremor. (J Occup Health 2005; 47: 143-148)

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Visual Dysfunction in Workers Exposed to a Mixture of Organic Solvents

Cited by 47 publications

References 26 publications

Impairment of color vision in aircraft maintenance workers

Impairment of color vision in aircraft maintenance workers

Visual evoked potentials in workers with chronic solvent encephalopathy

Effects of Mixed Organic Solvents on Neuromotor Functions among Workers in Buddhist Altar Manufacturing Factories

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