Visual discomfort with stereo displays: effects of viewing distance and direction of vergence-accommodation conflict

Shibata, Takashi; Kim, Joohwan; Hoffman, David M.; Banks, Martin S.

doi:10.1117/12.872347

Cited by 74 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In terms of the visual discomfort, it is revealed that watching the 3D display clearly caused more visual discomfort than watching the 2D display, regardless of the viewing distance. These results are consistent with those of previous studies [9,33,38,42,[47][48][49].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Shibata et al [33] observed more discomfort and fatigue with a given vergence-accommodation conflict at longer distances. This finding is in agreement with the study conducted by Shibata et al [33], wherein the viewing distance had a significant effect on visual fatigue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The viewing distance and viewing time are considered significant contributing factors to the visual fatigue associated with 3D displays [30][31][32][33]. The viewing distance is considered an essential environmental condition and is described in the guidelines for video display terminals (VTDs) [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Viewing Displays from Different Distances on Human Visual System

2017

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Abstract:The current stereoscopic 3D displays have several human-factor issues including visual-fatigue symptoms such as eyestrain, headache, fatigue, nausea, and malaise. The viewing time and viewing distance are factors that considerably affect the visual fatigue associated with 3D displays. Hence, this study analyzes the effects of display type (2D vs. 3D) and viewing distance on visual fatigue during a 60-min viewing session based on electroencephalogram (EEG) relative beta power, and alpha/beta power ratio. In this study, twenty male participants watched four videos. The EEGs were recorded at two occipital lobes (O1 and O2) of each participant in the pre-session (3 min), post-session (3 min), and during a 60-min viewing session. The results showed that the decrease in relative beta power of the EEG and the increase in the alpha/beta ratio from the start until the end of the viewing session were significantly higher when watching the 3D display. When the viewing distance was increased from 1.95 m to 3.90 m, the visual fatigue was decreased in the case of the 3D-display, whereas the fatigue was increased in the case of the 2D-display. Moreover, there was approximately the same level of visual fatigue when watching videos in 2D or 3D from a long viewing distance (3.90 m).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Effects of Viewing Displays from Different Distances on Human Visual System

2017

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“…However, there are only limited study on the safety evaluation of 3-D vision technology. Scientists from University of California Berkeley [13] built a stereo machine to investigate the unhealthiness. They claim that the physical strain, such as eye fatigue, root in abnormal eye movements; researchers at University of Central Florida [14] claim unknown disparities will cause mental strain, vertigo, and nausea.…”

Section: B Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

NeuroGlasses: A Neural Sensing Healthcare System for 3-D Vision Technology

Gong

Lee

et al. 2012

IEEE Trans. Inform. Technol. Biomed.

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Abstract-3-D vision technologies are extensively used in a wide variety of applications. Particularly glasses-based 3-D technology facilities are increasingly becoming affordable to our daily lives. Considering health issues raised by 3-D video technologies, to the best of our knowledge, most of the pilot studies are practiced in a highly-controlled laboratory environment only. In this paper, we present NeuroGlasses, a nonintrusive wearable physiological signal monitoring system to facilitate health analysis and diagnosis of 3-D video watchers. The NeuroGlasses system acquires healthrelated signals by physiological sensors and provides feedbacks of health-related features. Moreover, the NeuroGlasses system employs signal-specific reconstruction and feature extraction to compensate the distortion of signals caused by variation of the placement of the sensors. We also propose a server-based NeuroGlasses infrastructure where physiological features can be extracted for real-time response or collected on the server side for long term analysis and diagnosis. Through an on-campus pilot study, the experimental results show that NeuroGlasses system can effectively provide physiological information for healthcare purpose. Furthermore, it approves that 3-D vision technology has a significant impact on the physiological signals, such as EEG, which potentially leads to neural diseases.

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“…But when stereoscopic 3D simulates an object substantially away from the screen plane, viewers have to converge and focus at different distances. It is well documented that this can cause viewers discomfort and eye fatigue [50][51][52][53] . Such issues can be avoided by ensuring that the conflict is kept within the "comfort zone" 54 , and, ultimately, overcome with better technology, e.g.…”

Section: What Is Stereoscopic Vision Good For In Art?mentioning

confidence: 99%

What is stereoscopic vision good for?

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2015

SPIE Proceedings

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Stereo vision is a resource-intensive process. Nevertheless, it has evolved in many animals including mammals, birds, amphibians and insects. It must therefore convey significant fitness benefits. It is often assumed that the main benefit is improved accuracy of depth judgments, but camouflage breaking may be as important, particularly in predatory animals.In humans, for the last 150 years, stereo vision has been turned to a new use: helping us reproduce visual reality for artistic purposes. By recreating the different views of a scene seen by the two eyes, stereo achieves unprecedented levels of realism. However, it also has some unexpected effects on viewer experience. The disruption of established mechanisms for interpreting pictures may be one reason why some viewers find stereoscopic content disturbing.Stereo vision also has uses in ophthalmology. Clinical stereoacuity tests are used in the management of conditions such as strabismus and amblyopia as well as vision screening. Stereoacuity can reveal the effectiveness of therapy and even predict long-term outcomes post surgery. Yet current clinical stereo tests fall far short of the accuracy and precision achievable in the lab. At Newcastle University, we are exploiting the recent availability of autostereo 3D tablet computers to design a clinical stereotest app in the form of a game suitable for young children. Our goal is to enable quick, accurate and precise stereoacuity measures which will enable clinicians to obtain better outcomes for children with visual disorders.

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Visual discomfort with stereo displays: effects of viewing distance and direction of vergence-accommodation conflict

Cited by 74 publications

References 10 publications

Effects of Viewing Displays from Different Distances on Human Visual System

Effects of Viewing Displays from Different Distances on Human Visual System

NeuroGlasses: A Neural Sensing Healthcare System for 3-D Vision Technology

What is stereoscopic vision good for?

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