Visual determination of hue suprathreshold color‐difference tolerances

Abstract

This research extends the previous RIT‐DuPont research on suprathreshold color‐difference tolerances in which CIELAB was sampled in a balanced factorial design to quantify global lack of visual uniformity. The current experiments sampled hue, specifically. Three complete hue circles at two lightnesses (L* = 40 and 60) and two chroma levels ($C^*_{ab}$ = 20 and 40) plus three of the five CIE recommended colors (red, green, blue) were scaled, visually, for hue discrimination, resulting in 39 color centers. Forty‐five observers participated in a forced‐choice perceptibility experiment, where the total color difference of 393 sample pairs were compared with a near‐neutral anchor‐pair stimulus of 1.03 $\Delta E^*_{ab}.$ A supplemental experiment was performed by 30 additional observers in order to validate four of the 39 color centers. A total of 34,626 visual observations were made under the recently established CIE recommended reference conditions defined for the CIE94 color‐difference equation. The statistical method logit analysis with three‐dimensional normit function was used to determine the hue discrimination for each color center. A three‐dimensional analysis was required due to precision limitations of a digital printer used to produce the majority of colored samples. There was unwanted variance in lightness and chroma in addition to the required variance in hue. This statistical technique enabled estimates of only hue discrimination. The three‐dimensional analysis was validated in the supplemental experiment, where automotive coatings produced with a minimum of unwanted variance yielded the same visual tolerances when analyzed using one‐dimensional probit analysis. The results indicated that the hue discrimination suprathresholds of the pooled observers varied with CIELAB hue angle position. The suprathreshold also increased with the chroma position of a given color center, consistent with previous visual results. The results were compared with current color‐difference formulas: CMC, BFD, and CIE94. All three formulas had statistically equivalent performance when used to predict the visual data. Given the lack of a hue‐angle dependent function embedded in CIE94, it is clear from these results that neither CMC nor BFD adequately predict the visual data. Thus, these and other hue‐suprathreshold data can be used to develop a new color‐difference formula with superior performance to current equations. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 23, 302–313, 1998

Color Difference Thresholds of Maxillofacial Skin Replications

“…Qiao et al reported that the hue discrimination suprathresholds varied with the CIELAB hue‐angle position 26 . As the mean hue values in our study were almost identical for both types of skin replications, the differences in the visual hue threshold do not seem to be the cause of the difference in recorded perceptibility and acceptability thresholds for two skin types.…”

“…Evaluation of perceptibility and acceptability thresholds is of importance to dental research, just as it is to professional color science 23–26 . For dental applications, thresholds have been mostly analyzed for tooth‐colored dental materials, rendering a variety of methods and results; 27–31 however, the data on color‐difference thresholds of skin replications are limited to only one paper that evaluated light and dark hand prostheses 32 .…”

“…[20][21][22] Evaluation of perceptibility and acceptability thresholds is of importance to dental research, just as it is to professional color science. [23][24][25][26] For dental applications, thresholds have been mostly analyzed for tooth-colored dental materials, rendering a variety of methods and results; [27][28][29][30][31] however, the data on color-difference thresholds of skin replications are limited to only one paper that evaluated light and dark hand prostheses. 32 Due to the void in the dental literature and differences in location, anatomy, and morphology between the head and neck area and hands, the objective of our study was to evaluate colordifference thresholds of maxillofacial skin replications.…”

Visual determination of hue suprathreshold color-difference tolerances using CRT-generated stimuli

“…During the last decade, the Munsell Color Science Laboratory has been engaged in research involving the development of a color-tolerance † dataset for use in the testing and development of color-difference equations. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] In 1995, the Munsell Color Science Laboratory established the Industrial Color Difference Evaluation Consortium. The purpose of the research program is to improve the effectiveness of automated industrial color-difference evaluation.…”

“…The purpose of the research program is to improve the effectiveness of automated industrial color-difference evaluation. 7 The RIT-DuPont dataset, 5 the combined dataset developed from three experiments, [2][3][4] was based on experiments using color-difference pairs that were an automotive lacquer coating sprayed onto primed aluminum panels. In addition to the many hours needed in producing the raw samples, a great deal of time and labor was needed to prepare the samples for experimentation.…”