Visual Detection of Coumarin and Umbelliferone for Beverage Safety Based on Eu(III)‐Functionalized HOF Hybrids: Further Constructing an SVM‐Assisted Digital Anti‐Counterfeiting Platform

Abstract

The development of rapid, sensitive, and intuitive intelligent fluorescent materials (IFMs) for monitoring beverage safety is important for human health. In this study, an emerging IFM, a dual‐emitting Eu3+‐functionalized hydrogen‐bonded organic framework (Eu@HOF, Eu@1), is fabricated through coordination post‐synthetic modification. The ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer‐induced energy transfer (LMCT‐ET) from 1 to Eu3+ provides Eu@1 with palpable red fluorescence. Eu@1 as a sensor can specifically discriminate coumarin (Cou), a common spice used in beverages but a suspected carcinogen, with high sensitivity, high efficiency, and excellent anti‐interference. Eu@1 can also quantitatively distinguish 7‐hydroxycoumarin (umbelliferone, Ulf), a metabolite of Cou, in chromatic and ratiometric modes. In realistic milk and soy milk samples, the detection limits (DL) of Eu@1 for Cou are 0.0979 and 0.0511 mg L−1, respectively, whereas that of Ulf in practical serum samples is 0.0099 mg L−1. Furthermore, based on the polyethylene‐vinyl acetate (PEVA) films, three digital anti‐counterfeiting platforms with multiple encryption information are constructed, assisted by a support vector machine. This work proposes a facile pathway for preparing Eu@HOF fluorescent sensors to determine beverage safety and opens the possibility of designing an efficient and precise multifunctional digital anti‐counterfeiting platform via machine learning.

Multicolor Fluorescent Inks Based on Lanthanide Hybrid Organogels for Anticounterfeiting and Logic Circuit Design

“…Over the past few decades, a variety of technologies, such as hologram, watermarking, security code, , and fluorescent pattern, , have been developed for anticounterfeiting application. Among the existing anticounterfeiting technology, the fluorescent materials are widely used because of their color luminescence, good visibility, and simple design. − With the development of anticounterfeiting technology, the main manifestation is the continuous preparation of luminescent materials with highly designable properties, which include organic dyes, , nanoparticles and carbon dots, − and lanthanide luminescent materials, − enabling the fluorescent color diversity of anticounterfeit marks. Among them, lanthanide photoluminescent materials have unique luminescent properties such as high color purity, unique narrow emission, and long luminescence lifetime .…”

Efficient Multi-stimulus-Responsive Luminescent Eu(III)-Modified HOFs Materials: Detecting Thiram and Caffeic Acid and Constructing a Flexible Substrate Anti-counterfeiting Platform

“…Ln@HOFs, as a novel type of luminescent material, has great potential in the field of fluorescence sensing and anti-counterfeiting, with the following merits. (i) Ln@HOFs materials are generally fabricated by simple, facile, economical, and simple room-temperature synthesis methods. , (ii) The excellent solvent processing and the framework rich in functional groups enable preparation into luminescent devices. , (iii) Ln 3+ luminescence exhibits a large Stokes shift of the emission peaks, sharp emission peaks, high color purity, and stable optical properties. , …”

“…34,35 (iii) Ln 3+ luminescence exhibits a large Stokes shift of the emission peaks, sharp emission peaks, high color purity, and stable optical properties. 36,37 Multi-stimulus-responsive luminescent inks (MRLIs) constitute an emerging category of luminescent inks capable of altering their optical properties in response to specific external stimuli. Among various external stimuli, chemical stimulusbased MRLIs offer distinct advantages in anti-counterfeiting, as it is impractical for counterfeiters to test all potential chemicals to identify the correct key.…”