Visual control of cursorial prey pursuit by tiger beetles (Cicindelidae)

Gilbert, Cole

doi:10.1007/s003590050108

Cited by 87 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Studies of chasing behavior in flies (Land and Collett, 1974) and walking tiger beetles (Gilbert, 1997) have quantitatively shown a similar delayed linear relationship between visual target location and locomotor output. For the fly, the delay between sensory input and motor output is ϳ30 ms (Land and Collett, 1974), and for tiger beetles, the delay is ϳ40 ms (Gilbert, 1997). Because of this short latency, a hard-wired visual pursuit system has been proposed for flies that links the output of retinal neurons to flight control neurons with only one interneuron stage (Land and Collett, 1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The anticipatory relationship between gaze and locomotion has contributed to hypotheses of how visual information is used by the nervous system to guide movement (Grasso et al, 1998;Land, 1999;Wann and Swapp, 2000). Studies on chasing in the housefly (Land and Collett, 1974) and prey pursuit in tiger beetles (Gilbert, 1997) have expressed this anticipatory coupling in terms of a locomotor gain between visual direction to a target and locomotor output.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Steering by Hearing: A Bat’s Acoustic Gaze Is Linked to Its Flight Motor Output by a Delayed, Adaptive Linear Law

Ghose

Moss²

2006

J. Neurosci.

111

108

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Adaptive behaviors require sensorimotor computations that convert information represented initially in sensory coordinates to commands for action in motor coordinates. Fundamental to these computations is the relationship between the region of the environment sensed by the animal (gaze) and the animal's locomotor plan. Studies of visually guided animals have revealed an anticipatory relationship between gaze direction and the locomotor plan during target-directed locomotion. Here, we study an acoustically guided animal, an echolocating bat, and relate acoustic gaze (direction of the sonar beam) to flight planning as the bat searches for and intercepts insect prey. We show differences in the relationship between gaze and locomotion as the bat progresses through different phases of insect pursuit. We define acoustic gaze angle, gaze , to be the angle between the sonar beam axis and the bat's flight path. We show that there is a strong linear linkage between acoustic gaze angle at time t [ gaze (t)] and flight turn rate at time t ϩ into the future [ . flight (t ϩ )], which can be expressed by the formula . flight (t ϩ ) ϭ k gaze (t). The gain, k, of this linkage depends on the bat's behavioral state, which is indexed by its sonar pulse rate. For high pulse rates, associated with insect attacking behavior, k is twice as high compared with low pulse rates, associated with searching behavior. We suggest that this adjustable linkage between acoustic gaze and motor output in a flying echolocating bat simplifies the transformation of auditory information to flight motor commands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steering by Hearing: A Bat’s Acoustic Gaze Is Linked to Its Flight Motor Output by a Delayed, Adaptive Linear Law

Ghose

Moss²

2006

J. Neurosci.

111

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Previous studies have intensively examined spatial attention to a particular target (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). However, in fact, predators usually capture successive prey items (e.g., aerial-feeding bats) (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Echolocating bats use future-target information for optimal foraging

Fujioka

Aihara

Sumiya

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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When seeing or listening to an object, we aim our attention toward it. While capturing prey, many animal species focus their visual or acoustic attention toward the prey. However, for multiple prey items, the direction and timing of attention for effective foraging remain unknown. In this study, we adopted both experimental and mathematical methodology with microphone-array measurements and mathematical modeling analysis to quantify the attention of echolocating bats that were repeatedly capturing airborne insects in the field. Here we show that bats select rational flight paths to consecutively capture multiple prey items. Microphone-array measurements showed that bats direct their sonar attention not only to the immediate prey but also to the next prey. In addition, we found that a bat's attention in terms of its flight also aims toward the next prey even when approaching the immediate prey. Numerical simulations revealed a possibility that bats shift their flight attention to control suitable flight paths for consecutive capture. When a bat only aims its flight attention toward its immediate prey, it rarely succeeds in capturing the next prey. These findings indicate that bats gain increased benefit by distributing their attention among multiple targets and planning the future flight path based on additional information of the next prey. These experimental and mathematical studies allowed us to observe the process of decision making by bats during their natural flight dynamics.bat sonar | aerial capture | microphone array | mathematical modeling | flight dynamics S electively focusing attention on a particular target allows us to effectively extract information (1-4). Animals spatially focus their attention toward prey for suitable foraging (5, 6). During prey pursuit, most animals direct their visual attention toward it [e.g., tiger beetle (7), dragonfly (8), and falcon (9)]. Specifically, for example, dragonflies maintain a prey item at a constant retinal position during approaching it so that they steer an interception flight path (interception strategy) (10). However, for multiple prey items, the direction and timing of attention for effective foraging remain unknown.Echolocating bats actively emit sonar signals to obtain surrounding information and adaptively change the characteristics of the emissions depending on the situation (11). Therefore, their attention in terms of the sonar (sonar attention) is characterized as the direction to which bats emit their sonar beams (12-14). When echolocating bats approach an airborne insect, the sonar attention directs toward the prey (12, 13). During natural foraging, the sonar attention of bats alternately shifts from their flying direction to the side (15). Additionally the wild bats are capable of capturing two prey items within the short interval of 1 s (16).We predicted that bats localize multiple prey items by distributing their attention between them and then select an efficient flight path to successively capture the multiple prey. To test this prediction, ...

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“…All curves and data points are normalized to 0 dB. order saccadic model describes jumps in position in response to sensory stimuli (Gilbert, 1997;Tammero and Dickinson, 2002;Tammero et al, 2004). This model was rejected for the Eigenmannia tracking behavior by inspection of the data: the animals clearly engage in smooth pursuit, not saccadic jumps.…”

Section: Neural Control Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Critical Role of Locomotion Mechanics in Decoding Sensory Systems

2007

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How do neural systems process sensory information to control locomotion? The weakly electric knifefish Eigenmannia, an ideal model for studying sensorimotor control, swims to stabilize the sensory image of a sinusoidally moving refuge. Tracking performance is best at stimulus frequencies less than ϳ1 Hz. Kinematic analysis, which is widely used in the study of neural control of movement, predicts commensurately low-pass sensory processing for control. The inclusion of Newtonian mechanics in the analysis of the behavior, however, categorically shifts the prediction: this analysis predicts that sensory processing is high pass. The counterintuitive prediction that a low-pass behavior is controlled by a high-pass neural filter nevertheless matches previously reported but poorly understood high-pass filtering seen in electrosensory afferents and downstream neurons. Furthermore, a model incorporating the high-pass controller matches animal behavior, whereas the model with the low-pass controller does not and is unstable. Because locomotor mechanics are similar in a wide array of animals, these data suggest that such high-pass sensory filters may be a general mechanism used for task-level locomotion control. Furthermore, these data highlight the critical role of mechanical analyses in addition to widely used kinematic analyses in the study of neural control systems.

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Visual control of cursorial prey pursuit by tiger beetles (Cicindelidae)

Cited by 87 publications

References 39 publications

Steering by Hearing: A Bat’s Acoustic Gaze Is Linked to Its Flight Motor Output by a Delayed, Adaptive Linear Law

Steering by Hearing: A Bat’s Acoustic Gaze Is Linked to Its Flight Motor Output by a Delayed, Adaptive Linear Law

Echolocating bats use future-target information for optimal foraging

The Critical Role of Locomotion Mechanics in Decoding Sensory Systems

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