Visual Attention in Dogs and the Evolution of Non-Verbal Communication

Rossi, Alejandra; Smedema, Daniel; Parada, Francisco J.; Allen, Colin

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-53994-7_6

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Nevertheless, video brings a fourth dimension to the analysis rendering the stimuli more uncontrollable, and in this study we wanted to lay a more controlled basis for the study. Also using a head-mounted eye tracker would allow the examination of eye movements of subjects who are freely moving and interacting in real-life environments [34][35][36], but a cross-species analysis of this kind of recordings might be problematic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of dogs and humans in visual scanning of social interaction

et al. 2015

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Previous studies have demonstrated similarities in gazing behaviour of dogs and humans, but comparisons under similar conditions are rare, and little is known about dogs' visual attention to social scenes. Here, we recorded the eye gaze of dogs while they viewed images containing two humans or dogs either interacting socially or facing away: the results were compared with equivalent data measured from humans. Furthermore, we compared the gazing behaviour of two dog and two human populations with different social experiences: family and kennel dogs; dog experts and non-experts. Dogs' gazing behaviour was similar to humans: both species gazed longer at the actors in social interaction than in non-social images. However, humans gazed longer at the actors in dog than human social interaction images, whereas dogs gazed longer at the actors in human than dog social interaction images. Both species also made more saccades between actors in images representing non-conspecifics, which could indicate that processing social interaction of non-conspecifics may be more demanding. Dog experts and non-experts viewed the images very similarly. Kennel dogs viewed images less than family dogs, but otherwise their gazing behaviour did not differ, indicating that the basic processing of social stimuli remains similar regardless of social experiences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of dogs and humans in visual scanning of social interaction

et al. 2015

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“…There will be empirically discoverable species-wide and individual differences with respect to the limits of cognition—limits that can and should (and are being) actively empirically explored. Rossi et al ( 2014 ) provide an excellent example of such an exploratory project. They seek to discover how best to characterize a dog's sensitivity to, and capacity to make use of, human movements and gestures.…”

Section: Extensiveness Explicatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They seek to discover how best to characterize a dog's sensitivity to, and capacity to make use of, human movements and gestures. Using a head-mounted eye-tracking system, Rossi et al ( 2014 ) investigate dogs' response profile by discovering exactly which salient features (affordances) in the embedding environment the animal is responding to. Crucially, they found that dogs are “especially capable of utilizing human pointing gestures and of following our eye-gaze direction” (2014, p. 135).…”

Section: Extensiveness Explicatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crucially, they found that dogs are “especially capable of utilizing human pointing gestures and of following our eye-gaze direction” (2014, p. 135). This sort of experimental work on discovering affordances promises to provide a detailed integrative account of the limits and extent of cognition amongst conspecifics and non-conspecifics (Chemero, 2009 ; Rossi et al, 2014 ). It is precisely at this sort of interdisciplinary interface that philosophy and science can and should fruitfully use to inform one another.…”

Section: Extensiveness Explicatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extensive enactivism: why keep it all in?

Hutto

Kirchhoff

Myin

2014

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Radical enactive and embodied approaches to cognitive science oppose the received view in the sciences of the mind in denying that cognition fundamentally involves contentful mental representation. This paper argues that the fate of representationalism in cognitive science matters significantly to how best to understand the extent of cognition. It seeks to establish that any move away from representationalism toward pure, empirical functionalism fails to provide a substantive “mark of the cognitive” and is bereft of other adequate means for individuating cognitive activity. It also argues that giving proper attention to the way the folk use their psychological concepts requires questioning the legitimacy of commonsense functionalism. In place of extended functionalism—empirical or commonsensical—we promote the fortunes of extensive enactivism, clarifying in which ways it is distinct from notions of extended mind and distributed cognition.

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“…This may be because dogs have relied on humans for their entire evolutionary history and simply did not need such an extensive hippocampus to remember the location of food stores or of a previously killed carcass when they can simply follow humans to food. It is possible that extensive spatial and incidental memory may have been replaced with the ability to Bread^human faces and gestures to get information about the location of food as opposed to remembering it themselves, as suggested by Rossi et al (2014). This was seen observationally in many of the dogs that participated in our study.…”

Section: C-barq Evaluation Categoriesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Incidental spatial memory in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris)

et al. 2018

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We built upon previous work by Fujita et al. (2012, Animal Cognition, 15(6), 1055-1063) to create an experiment that investigated the presence of incidental memory for the spatial location of uneaten food in the domestic dog. Here, we dissociated potentially incidental spatial memory from the incidental memory for the characteristics of objects, in this case, food bowls. Eighteen household domestic dogs of various breeds and age were presented with four bowls. Each bowl contained either a novel object, treats the dog could consume, treats it could not consume, or it was left empty. Following a delay, the dogs returned to the laboratory and were presented with empty bowls in the same spatial orientation as the initial exposure and could move freely between bowls. This experiment required no previous training outside of basic obedience and so avoids the possibility that performance on the test was a conditioned response. We hypothesized that domestic dogs would be able to remember the location of uneaten food when presented with an unexpected memory test. We found that dogs in this study showed no evidence that they encoded spatial location in the absence of other cues that could be used to distinguish food bowls at specific locations. This suggests that dogs in previous experiments were more dependent on incidentally encoding the "what" and "in what" of this task than the "where," in the absence of features making each location distinct.

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Visual Attention in Dogs and the Evolution of Non-Verbal Communication

Cited by 12 publications

References 55 publications

Comparison of dogs and humans in visual scanning of social interaction

Comparison of dogs and humans in visual scanning of social interaction

Extensive enactivism: why keep it all in?

Incidental spatial memory in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris)

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