Visual attention for social information and salivary oxytocin levels in preschool children with autism spectrum disorders: an eye-tracking study

Fujisawa, Takashi; Tanaka, Shiho; Saito, Daisuke N.; Kosaka, Hirotaka; Tomoda, Akemi

doi:10.3389/fnins.2014.00295

Cited by 51 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The bedtime saliva sample was taken before bedtime. The saliva sampling procedures were the same as those in our previous study ( 52 ). Before using Salivettes, instructions were given to all participants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Nature of Subsequent Environment on Oxytocin and Cortisol Secretion in Maltreated Children

et al. 2015

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Childhood maltreatment (CM), including abuse and neglect, is a crucial factor that distorts child development. CM is associated with alterations in numerous brain regions, and may be associated with hormonal dysregulation. This study aimed to investigate differences in secretion patterns of cortisol (CT) and oxytocin (OT) among children who experienced CM, children living in residential care facilities and in unstable environments. Among 38 maltreated children, 23 (mean age = 12.2 years, SD = 3.0) were categorized as “Settled” and 15 (mean age = 13.1 years, SD = 2.2) as “Unsettled.” Twenty-six age- and gender-matched (mean age = 12.6 years, SD = 2.1), typically developing (TD) children were also included. Clinical and psychological assessments, including IQ and trauma evaluations, were conducted for all participants. Age, gender, and full-scale IQ were used as covariates in hormone analysis. Two saliva samples were collected, one on awakening and the other at bedtime. There were significant differences in the awakening CT levels of the “Unsettled” group, and in bedtime OT levels in the “Settled” group as compared with TD children, and between CM groups. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in trauma-symptomatic depression scores between the “Settled” and “Unsettled” CM group. These results suggest that CT diurnal secretions tend to be reactive to current stress rather than previous experience. OT diurnal secretions are presumably hyper-regulated for coping with the environment to survive and thrive. By measuring salivary CT/OT diurnal patterns, hormonal dysregulation of CM children living in “Settled” environments and “Unsettled” environments was indicated.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Nature of Subsequent Environment on Oxytocin and Cortisol Secretion in Maltreated Children

et al. 2015

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“…As a noninvasive extraction mode, sputum samples are preferable to blood samples in children. Though investigated intensely [13,5,30], ox ytocin measurement in saliva poses a challenge for itself [23], for instance regarding the halflife period in sputum samples and intra/interindividual variation, which needs to be addressed to validate oxytocin as biomarker in saliva.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clowns in Paediatric Surgery: Less Anxiety and More Oxytocin? A Pilot Study

et al. 2017

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Hospital stays and medical interventions are accompanied by worries and anxiety in children and parents. Recent studies show that hospital clowns may reduce anxiety and enhance well-being. However, so far studies are based solely on subjective measures and clowns are usually not integrated in medical routine. With this pilot study, we aim to provide both psychological and physiological evidence of positive effects of clowns' interventions in hospitalized children. In a consecutive randomized intervention-control group design with 31 children aged 4 to 13 years, 17 patients were accompanied by a clown prior to surgery or during ward round (intervention group) and 14 were not (control group). Saliva samples for oxytocin measurement were taken from all patients before hospitalization (T1) and prior to surgery or after ward round (T2). Self- and parents-reports were obtained at T1, T2 as well as at time of discharge from hospital (T3) regarding children's anxiety (STAI), worries and well-being. Clowns evaluated their success in cheering up the child. Health professionals were asked for their acceptance of clowns in hospitals. Children in the intervention group had lower anxiety ratings and a higher oxytocin concentration at T2 as compared with T1; the control group showed no changes. Parents rated the well-being of their children higher if their child had clown's contact and were more willing to recommend the hospital. The staff judged the clowns as helpful for patients. Consistent psychological and physiological results suggest the positive impact of a clown's intervention in hospitalized children.

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“…The relative absence of proteins in saliva compared to blood plasma reduces the risk of assay interference (Leng and Sabatier, 2016). Given these SALIVA OXYTOCIN CONCENTRATIONS DO NOT REFLECT PLASMA 4 advantages, saliva measures of oxytocin concentrations are commonly used in biobehavioral research and have also been used as a biomarker of psychiatric illness (e.g., Feldman et al, 2014;Fujisawa et al, 2014).…”

Section: Saliva Oxytocin Measures Do Not Reflect Peripheral Plasma Comentioning

confidence: 99%

Saliva oxytocin measures do not reflect peripheral plasma concentrations after intranasal oxytocin administration in men

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et al. 2018

Hormones and Behavior

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Oxytocin plays an important role in social behavior. Thus, there has been significant research interest for the role of the oxytocin system in several psychiatric disorders, and the potential of intranasal oxytocin administration to treat social dysfunction. Measurement of oxytocin concentrations in saliva are sometimes used to approximate peripheral levels of oxytocin; however, the validity of this approach is unclear. In this study, saliva and plasma oxytocin was assessed after two doses of Exhalation Delivery System delivered intranasal oxytocin (8 IU and 24 IU), intravenous oxytocin (1 IU) and placebo in a double-dummy, within-subjects design with men. We found that intranasal oxytocin (8 IU and 24 IU) administration increased saliva oxytocin concentrations in comparison to saliva oxytocin concentration levels after intravenous and placebo administration. Additionally, we found that saliva oxytocin concentrations were not significantly associated with plasma oxytocin concentrations after either intranasal or intravenous oxytocin administration. Altogether, we suggest that saliva oxytocin concentrations do not accurately index peripheral oxytocin after intranasal or intravenous oxytocin administration, at least in men. The data indicates that elevated oxytocin saliva levels after nasal delivery primarily reflect exogenous administered oxytocin that is cleared from the nasal cavity to the oropharynx, and is therefore a weak surrogate for peripheral blood measurements.

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Visual attention for social information and salivary oxytocin levels in preschool children with autism spectrum disorders: an eye-tracking study

Cited by 51 publications

References 52 publications

Effect of the Nature of Subsequent Environment on Oxytocin and Cortisol Secretion in Maltreated Children

Effect of the Nature of Subsequent Environment on Oxytocin and Cortisol Secretion in Maltreated Children

Clowns in Paediatric Surgery: Less Anxiety and More Oxytocin? A Pilot Study

Saliva oxytocin measures do not reflect peripheral plasma concentrations after intranasal oxytocin administration in men

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