“…FL uses the search space's features, and its orthogonal projection materialized by the cost function; with the use of fitness function (cost function), FL measures the number of peaks, the rate of neutral areas, the rate of basins of attraction, etc. (Volke, Bin, Zeckzer, Middendorf, & Scheuermann, 2014). E.g., for a smooth landscape with a single optimum will be relatively easy to solve for many algorithms, while a very rugged landscape, with many local optima, may be more difficult to solve (Horn & Goldberg, 1995;Kauffman & Johnsen, 1991).…”