Visual Acuity, Visual Field, and Factors Influencing Automobile Driving Status in One-Thousand Subjects Aged 18 to 59 Years

Safi, Antoine; Jamart, Jacques; Potter, Patrick De; Oustabassidis, Eva; Blondeau, Lorèna; Meeùs, Léopold; Hollebeke, I Van

doi:10.23937/2378-346x/1410079

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…To ensure most drivers clearly and comfortably perceive the text on a HUD, it is necessary to investigate the proper presentation format for older drivers. In a study involving 883 drivers aged 18 to 59 years in Belgium, 96.1% drivers had binocular visual acuity equal or better than the requirement of 20/40 (Levecq, et al 2017). Davison & Irving (1980) have collected 1368 drivers' visual acuity data in UK and found 5% of driver aged 65 or over failed to meet the criteria of 20/40.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

42‐2: Distinguished Paper: Effects of Luminance Contrast and Font Size on Dual‐Plane HUD Legibility (“The Double 007 Rule for HUDs”)

Wan

Tsimhoni

2021

Symp Digest of Tech Papers

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Head‐up displays (HUDs) can provide important driving information such as speed and navigation directly to a driver within their immediate field of view, and thus improve driving experience. Specifically, a dual‐plane AR‐HUD can provide drivers with larger images with richer information, more intuitive information presentation, and enhanced navigation features. To ensure driver comfort, proper presentation format of the text on the dual‐plane HUD needs to be investigated. A human factors experiment was conducted to explore proper luminance contrast and font size of the text on a HUD. Twenty older and nine mid‐age drivers were instructed to recognize letters in fourteen levels of font size under each of eight levels of luminance contrast (ranging from 1.2:1, to 8:1) on each plane. The best test performance was observed at a luminance contrast of 7:1. We report the minimum and upper bound of 95% confidence interval of legible vertical visual angle for 99.5% of older drivers at each level of luminance contrast. While the typical legibility rule of thumb for font height vs. distance on standard displays is .007 (also known as the Bond rule), our experiment suggests that double that size (0.014) was needed to cover 99.5% of older drivers at a contrast ratio of 1.2:1 on a HUD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

42‐2: Distinguished Paper: Effects of Luminance Contrast and Font Size on Dual‐Plane HUD Legibility (“The Double 007 Rule for HUDs”)

Wan

Tsimhoni

2021

Symp Digest of Tech Papers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, these strategies may not accurately measure the skills that are necessary to enjoy safe driving [4]. It happens because the Snellen chart is not equivalent to the "number plate test", and many eye care professionals consider that a binocular VA of 20/32 Snellen meet the driving standards while patients with a binocular VA of 20/40 Snellen don't [5]. In turn, there is not any common standard regarding the required VA within the different countries and the most common standard threshold is 20/40 Snellen [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Vision on Drivers: A Pilot Study

Álvarez-Peregrina

Martínez-Pérez

Villa-Collar

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Background: Driving is the main mode of transportation in many countries, and visual safety depends largely on good visual health. The objective of this study is to analyze the visual health of Spanish drivers; as well as analyze the difference between professional and non-professional drivers. Methods: A visual screening was carried out in Spanish drivers from all over Spain, in which the following tests were performed: monocular visual acuity in distance and near vision, visual field, stereopsis, contrast sensitivity, intraocular pressure and balance test binocular. Subsequently, a questionnaire was carried out on the patient’s driving data and ocular antecedents. Results: 74.5% of the drivers used glasses to drive, of which 61.5% used progressive glasses. However, 39.4% reported having difficulties seeing well. The mean visual acuity in the distance and near was 0.93 ± 0.13 and 0.94 ± 0.13, respectively. Significant differences have been found in accident risk based on visual acuity (p < 0.001). But no significant differences have been found in terms of visual field, stereopsis, contrast sensitivity, binocular balance and intraocular pressure (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Vision appears to play a key role in driving and a good visual assessment is recommended for early detection of visual problems that may affect road safety. A study with a larger sample size would be necessary to confirm the results of this pilot study.

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“…In a study involving 883 drivers aged 18 to 59 years in Belgium, 96.1% drivers had binocular visual acuity equal or better than the requirement of 20/40. 13 Davison & Irving (1980) have collected 1368 drivers' visual acuity data in the United Kingdom and found 5% of drivers aged 65 or over failed to meet the criteria of 20/40. 14 In a study of 2422 drivers' visual function from five European countries, 2.1% of drivers' visual acuity was worse than 20/40 and 5.3% of drivers aged 75 or over failed to meet the criteria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To ensure most drivers clearly and comfortably perceive the text on a HUD, it is necessary to investigate the proper presentation format for older drivers. In a study involving 883 drivers aged 18 to 59 years in Belgium, 96.1% drivers had binocular visual acuity equal or better than the requirement of 20/40 13 . Davison & Irving (1980) have collected 1368 drivers' visual acuity data in the United Kingdom and found 5% of drivers aged 65 or over failed to meet the criteria of 20/40 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of luminance contrast and font size on dual‐plane head‐up display legibility (“The Double 007 Rule for HUDs”)

Wan

Tsimhoni

2021

J Soc Info Display

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Head‐up displays (HUDs) can provide important driving information such as speed and navigation directly to a driver within their immediate field of view. Specifically, a dual‐plane AR‐HUD can provide drivers with larger images with richer information, more intuitive information presentation, and enhanced navigation features. To ensure driver comfort, proper presentation format of the text on the dual‐plane HUD needs to be investigated. A human factors experiment was conducted to explore proper luminance contrast and font size of the text on a HUD. Twenty older and nine mid‐age drivers were instructed to recognize letters in 14 levels of font size under each of eight levels of luminance contrast (ranging from 1.2:1, to 8:1) on each plane. The best test performance was observed at a luminance contrast of 7:1. We report the minimum and upper bound of 95% confidence interval of legible vertical visual angle for 99.5% of older drivers at each luminance contrast level. Although the typical legibility rule of thumb for font height versus distance on standard displays is 0.007 (known as the Bond rule), our experiment suggests that double that size (0.014) was needed to cover 99.5% of older drivers at a contrast ratio of 1.2:1 on a HUD.

show abstract

Visual Acuity, Visual Field, and Factors Influencing Automobile Driving Status in One-Thousand Subjects Aged 18 to 59 Years

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

42‐2: Distinguished Paper: Effects of Luminance Contrast and Font Size on Dual‐Plane HUD Legibility (“The Double 007 Rule for HUDs”)

42‐2: Distinguished Paper: Effects of Luminance Contrast and Font Size on Dual‐Plane HUD Legibility (“The Double 007 Rule for HUDs”)

Influence of Vision on Drivers: A Pilot Study

Effects of luminance contrast and font size on dual‐plane head‐up display legibility (“The Double 007 Rule for HUDs”)

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