Visual Abilities Distinguish Level of Play in Rugby

Millard, Lourens; Shaw, Brandon S.; Breukelman, Gerrit Jan; Shaw, Ina

doi:10.29252/aassjournal.906

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(48 reference statements)

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“…The most common type of tasks used to measure basic cognitive functions were different versions of visual reaction time, used in 12 (9%) studies (Bahia Loureiro & de Freitas, 2012; Chung & Ng, 2012; Gierczuk et al, 2018; Hüttermann et al, 2019; Kajtna et al, 2012; Laby et al, 2018; Millard et al, 2020; Vänttinen et al, 2010; Vaughan & Laborde, 2021; Vestberg et al, 2017, 2020; Whitaker et al, 2020 [Study 2]). The most common tasks used to measure higher cognitive functions were the design fluency test (9 studies, 7%), Trail Making Test (9 studies, 7%), and Stroop test (8 studies, 6%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of domain-specific and domain-general cognitive functions and skills in sports performance: A meta-analysis.

Kalén

Bisagno

Musculus

et al. 2021

Psychological Bulletin

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Cognition plays a key role in sports performance. This meta-analytic review synthesizes research that examined the relationship between cognitive functions, skills, and sports performance. We identified literature by searching Cochrane Library, APA PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science. We included studies conducted on competitive athletes, assessed cognitive prerequisites, and included performance measures related to the sport. Of the 9,433 screened records, 136 reports were included, containing 142 studies, 1,227 effect sizes, and 8,860 participants. Only 11 studies used a prospective study design. The risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Nonrandomized Studies. The multilevel meta-analysis showed a medium effect size for the overall difference in cognitive functions and skills, with higher skilled athletes scoring better than lower skilled athletes (Hedges’ g = 0.59, 95% CI [0.49, 0.69]). The moderator analysis showed larger effect size for tests of cognitive decision-making skills (g = 0.77, 95% CI [0.6, 0.94]) compared to basic (g = 0.39, 95% CI [0.21, 0.56]) and higher cognitive functions (g = 0.44, 95% CI [0.26, 0.62]), as well as larger effect for sport-specific task stimuli compared to general ones. We report that higher skilled athletes perform better on cognitive function tests than lower skilled athletes. There was insufficient evidence to determine whether cognitive functions and skills can predict future sport performance. We found no evidence to support claims that tests of general cognitive functions, such as executive functioning, should be used by practitioners for talent identification or player selection.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of domain-specific and domain-general cognitive functions and skills in sports performance: A meta-analysis.

Kalén

Bisagno

Musculus

et al. 2021

Psychological Bulletin

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“…Titles and abstracts of 5,272 were screened, and 45 required full-text analysis. Of these, 23 were excluded due to not fulfilling eligibility criteria regarding participants ( n = 6; Vaeyens et al, 2007a ; Sáez-Gallego et al, 2013 ; Laffer et al, 2019 ; Cardoso et al, 2021a , b ; Vítor de Assis et al, 2021 ), exposure ( n = 6; Park, 2003 ; Jafarzadehpur et al, 2007 ; Núñez et al, 2009 ; Cañal-Bruland et al, 2011 ; Lex et al, 2015 ; Millard et al, 2020 ), comparators ( n = 11; Shank and Haywood, 1987 ; Helsen and Starkes, 1999 ; Nagano et al, 2004 ; Zhang and Watanabe, 2005 ; North et al, 2009 ; Lee, 2010 ; van der Kamp, 2011 ; Roca et al, 2013 ; Wu et al, 2013 ; Uchida et al, 2014 ; Gorman et al, 2015 ), or outcomes ( n = 1; Vater et al, 2019 ). Table 2 provides details about the 22 studies included in our review (Williams et al, 1994 ; Vickers, 1996b ; Williams and Davids, 1997 , 1998 ; Martell and Vickers, 2004 ; Vaeyens et al, 2007a ; McRobert et al, 2009 , 2011 ; Schorer and Baker, 2009 ; Roca et al, 2011 ; Afonso et al, 2012 ; Afonso and Mesquita, 2013 ; Rivilla-García et al, 2013 ; Vansteenkiste et al, 2014 ; Krzepota et al, 2016 ; Castro et al, 2017 ; Sarpeshkar et al, 2017 ; Klostermann et al, 2018 ; Abellán et al, 2019 ; Moeinirad et al, 2020 ; Natsuhara et al, 2020 ; Ribeiro et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in visual search behavior between expert and novice team sports athletes: A systematic review with meta-analysis

Silva

Afonso²,

Sampaio³

et al. 2022

Front. Psychol.

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BackgroundFor a long time, in sports, researchers have tried to understand an expert by comparing them with novices, raising the doubts if the visual search characteristics distinguish experts from novices. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to review and conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the differences in visual search behavior between experts and novices in team sports athletes.MethodsThis systematic review with meta-analysis followed the PRISMA 2020 and Cochrane's guidelines. Healthy team athletes were included, which engaged in regular practice, from any sex or competitive level, specifically classified a priori as expert or novice in the original research (i.e., if they were classified after the experiment, based on one of the tests, the study would be excluded). We considered only research published in peer-reviewed journals, with no limitations regarding date or language. It was considered healthy team sport athletes engaged in regular practice. The scenarios could be in situ or film-based. The databases of EBSCO (Academic Search Complete, Academic Search Ultimate, APA PsycArticles, and APA PsycINFO), PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science were used to perform the searches. The risk of bias was calculated through the RoBANS tool.ResultsFrom a total of 6,257 records, of which 985 were duplicates, titles and abstracts of 5,272 were screened, and 45 required full-text analysis. Of those, 23 were excluded due to not fulfilling the eligibility criteria regarding participants. In the end, 22 studies were selected, however, as two studies were part of the same trial and were analyzed conjointly.DiscussionExperts showed to be older and with more years of practice. The ability to distinguish experts from novices was not so clear regarding the variables analyzed. This could be due to the strategies chosen in each study, which were specific to each scenario, and when grouping all together, it was lost information within non-representative averages. The distinction between experts and novices was not clear, showing a lot of heterogeneity in the included studies. The expert classification itself may have been the conditioning aspect for these results, retaining the doubt and the need for more studies in the field.Systematic review registrationThe protocol was pre-registered in OSF (project https://osf.io/3j4qv/, register https://osf.io/dvk2n).

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“…During a penalty a goalkeeper is expected to save the ball as it travels at high speeds. Handeye coordination is the most important skill for the success of the save; the eye detects the speed of the ball, and visuomotor reflexes are activated, resulting in a successful save (24,41). The success of hand-eye coordination is dependent on the player's ability to concentrate on the ball intended for a shot and stick holding position (42).…”

Section: Key Visual Skills For Field Hockey and Direct Play Applicati...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Essential Visual Skills Required for Field Hockey: Beyond 20-20 Optometry

Sneyimani¹,

Mathenjwa²,

Millard³

et al. 2023

Asian J Sports Med

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Context: Field hockey is a very technical and tactical sport, requiring immense levels of visual concentration on moving and stationary targets, which can improve visual and team performance. However, in literature, this area of specialty remains underutilized, with most studies seeking to improve physical and physiological performance. Essential visual skills cannot only be attributed to field hockey but to other ball-playing sports and activities of daily living, which allow humans to coexist. The essential visual skills reduce the propensity of making poor decisions, ill preparations, and the exclusion of potent and capable players. Objectives: This review novelly aims to not only compile a comprehensive list of essential visual skills for field hockey players but also to create a starting point for future studies to add to this list, to aid in player talent identification, and eventually create sport-specific visual exercise programs and testing batteries. Discussion: The skills identified in this review preface a platform for human performance professionals to include in their training regimens, with an intent to maximize performance and talent identification and to aid in the formulation of visuospatial test batteries. Even though this list is comprehensive, this is only a starting point for future research to find more visual skills that are essential to field hockey, as well as provide the opportunity to develop the performance of the visual skills of these athletes in ways that have not been done before.

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Visual Abilities Distinguish Level of Play in Rugby

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

The role of domain-specific and domain-general cognitive functions and skills in sports performance: A meta-analysis.

The role of domain-specific and domain-general cognitive functions and skills in sports performance: A meta-analysis.

Differences in visual search behavior between expert and novice team sports athletes: A systematic review with meta-analysis

A Review of the Essential Visual Skills Required for Field Hockey: Beyond 20-20 Optometry

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