Visitor diversity and pollinator specialization in Mediterranean legumes

Galloni, Marta; Podda, Licia; Vivarelli, Daniele; Quaranta, Marino; Cristofolini, Giovanni

doi:10.1016/j.flora.2006.12.006

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Esto es lo que Westerkamp (1993) denomina "complejo alas-quilla", observado en otras especies de Leguminoseae como M. panduratum (Etcheverry et al, 2001), C. caracalla (Etcheverry et al, 2008), Spartium junceum y Genista cilentina (Galloni & Cristofolini, 2003), además fue reconocido en numerosas flores de Leguminoseae del Mediterráneo (Galloni et al, 2007(Galloni et al, , 2008. En la mayoría de las especies se observaron ornamentaciones o microesculturaciones ubicadas en la región basal de la cara abaxial de las alas que favorecen el sostén firme de los visitantes al posarse sobre ellas, tal como fue observado en otros taxones de Leguminosae como Lupinus spp., Astragalus alopecuroides, Robinia pseudoacacia, Canavalia virosa, Tipuana tipu, Desmodium elegans, entre otras (Stirton, 1981), C. micans (Etcheverry et al, 2003), Sophora fernandeziana (Bernardello et al, 2004) y C. caracalla (Etcheverry et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Muchos rasgos florales reflejan respuestas adaptativas a la selección por polinizadores, y la dirección de la selección ocurre en función de la morfología y el comportamiento de los mismos (Waser et al, 1996;Ollerton et al, 2007Ollerton et al, , 2009. Una de las familias en las que se ha documentado ampliamente esta relación entre los rasgos florales y los polinizadores es la Familia Leguminosae, en la que se ha demostrado una adaptación general a la polinización por Hymenoptera (Faegri & van der Pijl, 1979;Arroyo, 1981;Westerkamp, 1997;Rodriguez-Riaño et al, 1999a;Galloni et al, 2007Galloni et al, , 2008.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Fusión, esculturas y ornamentaciones de las piezas de la corola de 17 especies de Papilionoideae.

Alemán¹,

Hoc²,

Spahr³

et al. 2017

Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot.

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Summary: Fusion, sculptures and ornamentation of the corolla pieces of 17 species of Papilionoideae. The species of subfamily Papilionoideae present flowers with a complex architecture, with elaborated petals in which it has been documented the presence of auricles and callosities, appendixes or spurs that joint the pieces of the corolla and also microsculpturings on the wings. In this study, we analyze the morphology of the petals of 17 species of Papilionoideae (Leguminosae) native of Salta province, Argentina. The lower margins of the keel were fused in all of the species, through different types of fusion of epidermal cells. Only a few species presented fusion in the upper margin of the keel. All the species showed sculpturings in the petals, which would joint some of the pieces of the corolla. They also exhibit ornaments or microsculpturings in the basal region of the adaxial surface of the wings that may act as a grip for pollinators when they land on the flower. The petals of the Papilionoideae flowers presented characteristics that could restrict the type of pollinator able to activate the different mechanisms of pollination that allow them to access the rewards enclosed by the keel.Key words: Floral biology, Leguminosae, ornaments, petals, pollination mechanisms, sculpturings.Resumen: Las flores de la subfamilia Papilionoideae tienen una arquitectura compleja con pétalos elaborados, en los que se ha observado la presencia de aurículas o callosidades, apéndices o espolones que articulan las piezas entre sí y de ornamentaciones principalmente en las alas. En este trabajo se analizó la morfología de las piezas de la corola de 17 especies de Papilionoideae (Leguminosae) nativas de la provincia de Salta. Todas las especies presentaron fusión entre los márgenes inferiores de la quilla que involucraba diferentes tipos de uniones a nivel de las células epidérmicas. Solo algunas de las especies estudiadas presentaron fusión en los márgenes superiores de la quilla. Todas las especies presentaron esculturas en los pétalos que servirían para articular las piezas de la corola entre sí. También presentaron ornamentaciones o microesculturaciones ubicadas en la región basal de la cara adaxial de las alas, que favorecerían el sostén de los visitantes al posarse sobre ellas. Los pétalos de las flores de Papilionoideae presentaron características que podrían restringir el tipo de polinizador capaz de activar los distintos mecanismos de polinización que le permiten acceder a las recompensas encerradas por la quilla.Palabras clave: Biología floral, esculturas, Leguminosae, mecanismos de polinización, ornamentaciones, pétalos.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

Fusión, esculturas y ornamentaciones de las piezas de la corola de 17 especies de Papilionoideae.

Alemán¹,

Hoc²,

Spahr³

et al. 2017

Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot.

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“…Grande population, where the trade-off between the seed number and the mean seed weight suggests resource limitation. However, the overall reproductive fitness of entomophilous species depends not only on the interaction with predators but also with pollinators (Östergård et al 2007;Galloni et al 2008;Carrió et al 2013). Extra flowers might also function as ovule reserve, supporting the "bet hedging hypothesis" (Stephenson 1981).…”

Section: Breeding System and Seed Predationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Biosystematic studies on the mountain plantGentiana luteaL. reveal variability in reproductive traits among subspecies

Rossi

Fisogni

Galloni

2015

Plant Ecology & Diversity

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Background: Taxonomic analysis provides a basic understanding for taxon identification and contributes to preliminary information for several branches of applied biology, while studies on reproductive strategies and plant fitness are essential to interpret population status and dynamics. Aims: We tested the reliability of diagnostic characters for identification and to characterise sexual resource allocation, the breeding system and seed predation among subspecies of Gentiana lutea. Methods: We analysed morphological characters in 70 herbarium specimens. In five natural populations we counted pollen and ovule numbers, assessed reproductive output after pollination treatments and evaluated pre-dispersal predation. Results: Taxonomic traits previously indicated as diagnostic were not sufficient to discriminate among subspecies. The pollen number and pollen:ovule (P:O) ratio varied strongly among subspecies; self-pollinated flowers produced a significantly lower number of seeds than open-pollinated flowers. Retention of empty fruits and high levels of pre-dispersal seed predation were observed in every case. Conclusions: The variation of P:O ratios among subspecies suggests different efficiency in pollen transfer. The species is self-compatible, nevertheless all subspecies require pollen vectors to enhance cross pollination and viable seed production. Fruit retention may have evolved as a strategy to reduce predation, ensuring higher plant fitness.

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“…Under this scenario, selection should favour flower morphologies that improve the match between pollen placement on the pollinator's body and the location where it contacts the stigma (Stebbins ; Muchhala & Potts ; Galloni et al . ; Armbruster et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection on intra‐individual variation in stigma–anther distance in the tropical tree Ipomoea wolcottiana (Convolvulaceae)

Arceo‐Gómez

Vargas

Parra-Tabla³

2017

Plant Biol J

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It is well known that animals can exert strong selective pressures on plant traits. However, studies on the evolutionary consequences of plant-animal interactions have mainly focused on understanding how these interactions shape trait means, while overlooking its potential direct effect on the variability among structures within a plant (e.g. flowers and fruits). The degree of within-plant variability can have strong fitness effects but few studies have evaluated its role as a potential target of selection. Here we reanalysed data on Ipomoea wolcottiana stigma-anther distance to test alternate mechanisms driving selection on the mean as well as on intra-individual variance in 2 years. We found strong negative selection acting on intra-individual variation but not on mean stigma-anther distance, suggesting independent direct selection on the latter. Our result suggests that intra-individual variance has the potential to be an important target of selection in nature, and that ignoring it could lead to the wrong characterisation of the selection regime. We highlight the need for future studies to consider patterns of selection on the mean as well as on intra-individual variance if we want to understand the full extent of plant-animal interactions as an evolutionary force in nature.

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Visitor diversity and pollinator specialization in Mediterranean legumes

Cited by 21 publications

References 40 publications

Fusión, esculturas y ornamentaciones de las piezas de la corola de 17 especies de Papilionoideae.

Fusión, esculturas y ornamentaciones de las piezas de la corola de 17 especies de Papilionoideae.

Biosystematic studies on the mountain plantGentiana luteaL. reveal variability in reproductive traits among subspecies

Selection on intra‐individual variation in stigma–anther distance in the tropical tree Ipomoea wolcottiana (Convolvulaceae)

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