Vision in Children and Adolescents with Autistic Spectrum Disorder: Evidence for Reduced Convergence

Milne, Elizabeth; Griffiths, Helen; Buckley, David; Scope, Alison

doi:10.1007/s10803-009-0705-8

Cited by 56 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The evidence included in this review predominantly involves screening studies with only six studies employing a control group (Dammeyer 2014;Gal et al 2008;Hartshorne et al 2005;Hobson and Lee 2010;Hoevenaars-van den Boom et al 2009;Milne et al 2009). While the lack of control groups limits the robustness of the evidence, the screening studies provide quality information on the aetiology of a condition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evidence relating to the prevalence of sight loss in people with ASD since 2000 is limited to seven studies (Black et al 2013;Ezegwui et al 2014;Ikeda et al 2013;Kabatas et al 2015;Kielinen et al 2004;Milne et al 2009;Mukaddes et al 2007). Table 1 details the quality of the evidence based on the criteria proposed in the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies (Thomas et al 2004).…”

Section: The Prevalence Of Visual Impairment In People With Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the seven studies, one cross-sectional study explored the range of medical disorders in people with autism (Kielinen et al 2004), five studies screened ASD participants for the presence of ophthalmic conditions (Black et al 2013;Ezegwui et al 2014;Kabatas et al 2015;Ikeda et al 2013;Milne et al 2009) while one further study alternated the perspective to examine a visually impaired cohort for ASD (Mukaddes et al 2007). Table 2 details the participant demographics, study design and findings from the studies included in the review.…”

Section: The Prevalence Of Visual Impairment In People With Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Autism and Visual Impairment: a Review of the Literature

Butchart¹,

Long²,

Brown

et al. 2017

Rev J Autism Dev Disord

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Purpose This review presents the evidence on the prevalence of visual impairments in children and adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and the similar behavioural traits associated with both visual impairment and autism. Method A systematic literature review was conducted using online databases. Results Seven studies explored the incidence of visual impairments in people with ASD and found a higher incidence of strabismus (squint) (8.3%) than in a comparable child population (1.5 to 5.3%). Eleven studies identified behavioural traits common to both autistic and visually impaired populations. The majority were small-scale screening studies using varied methodologies, constituting an emerging field of research. Conclusion Further large-scale, multicentre studies are required to accurately identify prevalence rates of ophthalmic conditions in people with ASD. There is a small but evolving evidence base that establishes behavioural and linguistic traits common to both visual impairment and autism.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Prevalence Of Visual Impairment In People With Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Prevalence Of Visual Impairment In People With Asdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Autism and Visual Impairment: a Review of the Literature

Butchart¹,

Long²,

Brown

et al. 2017

Rev J Autism Dev Disord

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“…Milne et al 17 reported that many vision aspects, including VA, are not affected in autism spectrum disorder in children. Our findings in children support their results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, data suggest that many aspects of vision, including VA, are unaffected in ASD. 17 Sven et al 18 found that people living with (PW) ASD did not have higher VA than either patients with schizophrenia or typically developing subjects. Tavassoli et al 19 analyzed the VA in adults with ASD and adult controls and found no significant differences between groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual acuity in children with autism spectrum disorder

Liévanos¹,

Cotero²,

Suárez³

et al. 2012

Optometry Rep

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Today, controversy still surrounds the acuity visual (VA) in adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD has been associated with hypersensitivity but recent studies have questioned these results. The aim of this study was to compare VA in children with ASD and typically developing children (TD). The study included 34 children: 12 with ASD [people living with (PW) ASD group: 1 female, 11 males] and 22 TD (PWTD group: 9 females, 13 males). The PWASD group was from the Clinica Mexicana de Autismo (CLIMA) and the PWTD group was from the Aztecas elementary school. VA was measured with Kay picture test cards for children without correction. Right eye VA of the PWASD group ranged from 0.2 to 1.0 (0.88±0.23) and left eye VA ranged from 0.2 to 1.0 (0.87±0.23). Right eye VA of the PWTD group ranged from 0.3 and 1.0 (0.84±0.23) and left eye VA ranged 0.3 and 1.0 (0.78±0.22). Non-statistically significant differences were found (t-test, P>0.05). Results support the view that visual acuity is not affected in children with ASD compared with TD children.

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Far visual acuity is unremarkable in autism: Do we need to focus on crowding?

2010

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Although autism presents a unique perceptual phenotype defined in part by atypical (often enhanced) analysis of spatial information, few biologically plausible hypotheses have been advanced to explain its neural underpinnings. One plausible explanation is functional but altered lateral connectivity mediating early or local mechanisms selectively responsive to different stimulus attributes, including spatial frequency and contrast. The goal of the present study was first to assess far visual acuity in autism using Landolt-C optotypes defined by different local stimulus attributes. Second, we investigated whether acuity is differentially affected in autism when target optotypes are simultaneously presented with flanking stimuli at different distances. This typical detrimental "crowding effect" of flanking stimuli on target optotype discrimination is attributed to lateral inhibitory interaction of neurons encoding for visual properties of distracters close to the target. Results failed to demonstrate a between-group difference in acuity to Landolt-C optotypes, whether defined by luminance- or texture-contrast. However, the expected crowding effect at one gap-size opening distance was evidenced for the control group only; a small effect was observed for the autism group at two gap-size opening. These results suggest that although far visual acuity is unremarkable in autism, altered local lateral connectivity within early perceptual areas underlying spatial information processing in autism is atypical. Altered local lateral connectivity in autism might originate from an imbalance in excitatory/inhibitory neural signaling, resulting in changes regarding elementary feature extraction and subsequent downstream visual integration and visuo-spatial analysis. This notion is discussed within the context of characteristic lower- and higher-level perceptual processing in autism.

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Vision in Children and Adolescents with Autistic Spectrum Disorder: Evidence for Reduced Convergence

Cited by 56 publications

References 29 publications

Autism and Visual Impairment: a Review of the Literature

Autism and Visual Impairment: a Review of the Literature

Visual acuity in children with autism spectrum disorder

Far visual acuity is unremarkable in autism: Do we need to focus on crowding?

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