Vision

Abstract

Professor Colin Blakemore presents a fascinating insight to all the major topics in visual science research. Experts from around the world show how this vast subject can be unified from the viewpoint that describes the way in which visual systems efficiently encode and represent the outside world. The approach, which is both rigorous and general, was championed by H. B. Barlow in the fifties and has recently acquired a new significance in the light of exciting developments in computer science and artificial intelligence and vision. The book is essential reading for advanced undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers in the field of vision research and neuroscience.

A morphological classification of bacteria containing bullet-shaped magnetic particles

“…It also contained a dark circular inclusion (burned out during TEM) at each end. Similar bacteria have been previously reported [3,[19][20][21]. Laboratory enrichments were stable for periods of up to 2 weeks and the morphological types described above could be observed repeatedly on separate occasions.…”

“…(5) BS-5 is a rod shaped bacterium with a single chain of magnetic particles and a single polar flagellum and dimensions of 1.4-4.0 x 0.5-1.0 /zm. This type was not observed in this study but has been described previously [3,16].…”

“…Magnetic bacteria contain crystalline magnetic particles, which cause them to orient in the presence of an external magnetic field and swim along the field lines [1]. The magnetic particles in most magnetic bacteria are composed of the iron oxide magnetite, Fe30 4 [2], and are usually either rectangular or bullet-shaped [3]. A bacterium containing irregular kidney-shaped magnetic iron oxide particles, RS-1, has also been cultured recently [4].…”

“…In this work, we isolated magnetic bacteria from sediment using a samarium-cobalt magnet, and recorded morphological types observed by light and electron microscopy. We classified all [3,16] previously reported bacteria containing bulletshaped magnetic particles into distinct morphological types, and compared them with those isolated. For comparison, we also describe bacteria containing rectangular magnetic particles.…”

Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent Activation of the Primary Visual Cortex Predicts Size Adaptation Illusion

“…Adaptation is a primary function of perceptual systems that tunes perceptual mechanisms to the statistical content of the retinal images (Shapley and Enroth-Cugell, 1984; Barlow, 1990; Blakemore et al, 1990; Sharpee et al, 2006; Clifford et al, 2007; Kohn, 2007), maximizing sensitivity to more probable events at the expense of rare ones. Although adaptation clearly improves coding efficiency, it often leads to an “illusory” perception that does not correspond to the physical stimulus (McCollough, 1965; Blakemore and Sutton, 1969; Gregory, 1997; Carandini, 2000; for review, see Thompson and Burr, 2009).…”