Visible to Infrared Luminescence from a 28-Atom Gold Cluster

Link, Stephan; Beeby, Andrew; FitzGerald, Simon; El‐Sayed, Mostafa A.; Schaaff, T. Gregory; Whetten, Robert L.

doi:10.1021/jp014259v

Cited by 543 publications

(672 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…The total quantum yield of the luminescence as measured at ambient temperature is approximated to be about 3.5 ± 1.0 * 10 -3 with a lifetime in the microsecond range. Because of the unusually high luminescence quantum yield for a metallic cluster, it was suggested that the short-and long-wavelength luminescence bands could be assigned to the fluorescence and phosphorescence from excited singlet and triplet states, respectively, in analogy to the photophysical properties of a molecule (122). Femtosecond transient absorption studies (123) (see Figure 5a) further showed an induced transient absorption instead of a plasmon band bleach with a double-exponential decay that is independent of the laser pump power.…”

Section: Transition Between Collective Electronic Properties and The mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Properties and Ultrafast Dynamics of Metallic Nanocrystals

Link¹,

El‐Sayed

2003

Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem.

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1,518

1,499

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Noble metal particles have long fascinated scientists because of their intense color, which led to their application in stained glass windows as early as the Middle Ages. The recent resurrection of colloidal and cluster chemistry has brought about the strive for new materials that allow a bottoms-up approach of building improved and new devices with nanoparticles or artificial atoms. In this review, we discuss some of the properties of individual and some assembled metallic nanoparticles with a focus on their interaction with cw and pulsed laser light of different energies. The potential application of the plasmon resonance as sensors is discussed.

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Section: Transition Between Collective Electronic Properties and The mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Properties and Ultrafast Dynamics of Metallic Nanocrystals

Link¹,

El‐Sayed

2003

Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem.

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1,518

1,499

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“…[2][3][4][5][6][7] As a result, sub-nanometer-sized metal clusters (nanoclusters) consisting of several tens of atoms are likely to exhibit molecule-like behaviors, including discrete electronic states and size-dependent fluorescence.…”

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confidence: 99%

Surfactant-free solution synthesis of fluorescent platinum subnanoclusters

Kawasaki¹,

Yamamoto²,

Fujimori³

et al. 2010

Chem. Commun.

122

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We have demonstrated the first surfactant-free synthesis of fluorescent Pt nanoclusters in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution. The Pt nanoclusters consist of 4 to 6 Pt atoms. They form highly stable dispersions in water, under both acidic (pH 2) and basic conditions (pH 12), and at ionic strengths of 1 M NaCl.Nobel metal clusters have recently attracted considerable attention in many areas of research, including physics, chemistry, materials science, and biosciences.1 Size-dependent effects of metal clusters are observed only when the free electrons are confined relative to the Fermi wavelength (B1 nm) in the cluster conduction band.2-7 As a result, sub-nanometer-sized metal clusters (nanoclusters) consisting of several tens of atoms are likely to exhibit molecule-like behaviors, including discrete electronic states and size-dependent fluorescence.Metal nanoclusters (NCs) are also known to possess reactivity not observed in their bulk analogs, which can make them attractive for catalysis. Platinum is perhaps one of the most important metals in catalysis applications. Recently, it has been reported that sub-nanometer Pt 8-10 NCs stabilized on high-surface-area solid supports are 40-100 times more active for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane than the previously studied platinum catalysts, 8 which is responsible for their surprisingly high surface reactivity of Pt NCs. However, very few attempts have been made at the difficult synthetic route of platinum nanoclusters (Pt NCs) in solution.9,10 Here, we report a simple, one-pot synthesis of Pt NCs in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution in the absence of any capping agents such as surfactant, polymer, or thiolate-organic compounds. To our knowledge, this is the first successful surfactant-free chemical synthesis of fluorescent Pt NCs in solution.The preparation method described was quite simple according to a DMF reduction method for gold clusters 11 and highly reproducible. A solution of 150 mL of 0.1 M aqueous H 2 PtCl 6 was added to 15 mL of DMF that had been preheated to 140 1C, and the DMF solution was refluxed in a 140 1C oil bath with vigorous stirring for 8 h in air. As the reaction proceeded, the solution changed slowly in color from light yellow to colorless over 0 to 1 h, and finally to yellow by 2 to 6 h (Fig. 1a). The reaction was nearly complete in about 8 h, as confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and by the absence of PtCl 6 À ion peaks in the UV-visible absorption spectrum. The yellow solution showed a broad UV-visible absorption below 600 nm. We found the resulting DMF solution of Pt NCs to be stable for at least six months when stored in the dark, neither precipitating nor changing in spectral properties. The Pt NCs were photoluminescent in the yellow solution after heating for more than 2 h because of their size relative to the Fermi wavelength of B1 nm, and their emission maximum depended upon the excitation wavelength (Fig. 1b). With UV excitation at 350 nm, the maximum emission wavelength was 484 nm, and with visible exc...

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“…GSH-stabilized AuNCs with 600 or 800 nm emission could be obtained by controlling the ratios of GSH and HAuCl 4 [36]. The Au 28 (SG) 16 cluster with quantum yield in the order of 10 -3 was obtained via reducing Au 3? in the presence of GSH with sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ) as reducing agent [38]. Zhang and coworkers developed a facile one-step synthesis method of fluorescent GSH-AuNCs [39].…”

Section: Thiosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescent Gold Nanoclusters: Promising Fluorescent Probes for Sensors and Bioimaging

Wang

Zhu

2017

J. Anal. Test.

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Fluorescent gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) have recently emerged as a novel kind of promising fluorescent probes for high-performance sensors and bioimaging because of their ultrasmall size (\3 nm), strong luminescence, good photostability, and excellent biocompatibility. Over the past decade, we have witnessed growing popularity of AuNCs in analytical applications and enormous efforts have been devoted to their development. In this review, we provide an update on recent advances in the development of AuNCs in terms of physicochemical properties, synthesis strategies, and bioapplications. The optical, electrochemical, catalytical, and solvatochromic properties of AuNCs are first summarized, which are followed by different ligands or template-assisted controllable synthetic methods. Afterwards functionalization of AuNCs is described in terms of ligand exchange, bioconjugation, and noncovalent interaction. We then focus on the applications of AuNCs as fluorescent probes for detection of metal ions, inorganic anions, small biomolecules, proteins, nucleic acids, drug molecules, pH, and temperature. We also summarize the usage of metal NCs in cellular and in vivo targeting and imaging. Finally, we conclude with a brief look at the future challenges and prospects of the development of AuNCs.

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Visible to Infrared Luminescence from a 28-Atom Gold Cluster

Cited by 543 publications

References 33 publications

Optical Properties and Ultrafast Dynamics of Metallic Nanocrystals

Optical Properties and Ultrafast Dynamics of Metallic Nanocrystals

Surfactant-free solution synthesis of fluorescent platinum subnanoclusters

Fluorescent Gold Nanoclusters: Promising Fluorescent Probes for Sensors and Bioimaging

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