Visible-light mediated sustainable route for conversion of biomass derived levulinic acid to value added compounds by porphyrin photocatalyst

Synthesis of 2,6-Di-tert-butylanthraquinone Cyclically Catalyzed by Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquids

“…To demonstrate that the decrease in yield of 2,6-DTBAQ was not accidental, we again examined the cyclic catalytic performance of [Bim-PS]­[PTSA] using the same methodology (see Supporting Information for details). In the cyclic catalytic studies using [Bim PS]­[PTSA], it was discovered that the yield of 2,6-DTBAQ also gradually dropped with the number of cycles, which indicates that there is a leaching of this type of ILs in ethyl acetate. , It is also demonstrated through comparison that [2­(Im-PS)-C 3 ]­[2HSO 4 ] has a superior cyclic catalytic performance compared to [Bim PS]­[PTSA]. Even after five cycles, [2­(Im-PS)-C 3 ]­[2HSO 4 ] maintained a high activity with minimal loss.…”

“…In the cyclic catalytic studies using [Bim PS][PTSA], it was discovered that the yield of 2,6-DTBAQ also gradually dropped with the number of cycles, which indicates that there is a leaching of this type of ILs in ethyl acetate. 30,31 In the mechanism of catalytic oxidation in ILs, H 2 O 2 , and 2,6-DTBA systems, H 2 O 2 will produce hydroxyl radicals (HO•) and a negligible amount of peroxyhydroxyl radicals (HOO•) in an acidic environment. 27,32−34 The oxidation mechanism of H 2 O 2 with 2,6-DTBA in the presence of ILs was therefore hypothesized (as illustrated in Figure 2): when ILs create an acidic environment for the reaction system (eqs 8 or 9), H 2 O 2 produces HO•and HOO•(eqs 10, 11 and 12).…”

Levulinic Acid Esterification with n-Butanol over a Preyssler Catalyst in a Microwave-Assisted Batch Reactor: A Kinetic Study

“…Novozym435 is an immobilized enzyme tested as a biocatalyst in a microfluidic system for the synthesis of n -butyl levulinate, yielding around 70% of conversion after 30 min at 65 °C . Photocatalytic systems have been reported using fluorinated TiO 2 materials and porphyrin-based photocatalysts, promising systems for transforming fatty acids through the esterification route.…”

“…22 Novozym435 is an immobilized enzyme tested as a biocatalyst in a microfluidic system for the synthesis of nbutyl levulinate, yielding around 70% of conversion after 30 min at 65 °C. 23 Photocatalytic systems have been reported using fluorinated TiO 2 materials 24 and porphyrin-based photocatalysts, 25 promising systems for transforming fatty acids through the esterification route. The literature review showed that heterogeneous catalysts based mainly on Keggin-type heteropolyacids have been studied for esterification of levulinic acid or other fatty acids, as shown in entries 8−17 and 21−25 from Table 1 and additional references.…”

Construction of porphyrin-based photocatalyst comprising pyridinium ionic liquid moiety for the metal-free visible light-assisted N-arylation of amines: facile approach to afford drug intermediates

“…Our research group is focused on the synthesis of heterogeneous porphyrin photocatalysts comprised of a Brønsted acid as catalytic centres for organic transformations and biomass conversion to value-added compounds. 54,55 In continuation of our attempts to achieve some principles of green chemistry, herein, we investigated the development of more effective, reusable, and industrially beneficial photocatalytic routes for the N-arylation of heterocyclic amines in the presence of LED light in a home-made photoreactor under normal atmospheric conditions. The photocatalytic reaction was completed in 20 h to deliver the required products in good to excellent yields (71-91%).…”