Visible light–induced cross‐linking of porcine pericardium for the improvement of endothelialization, anti‐tearing, and anticalcification properties

Abstract

Population aging and the development of transcatheter aortic valve replacement boost the implantation of bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) in patients worldwide. However, the traditional glutaraldehyde cross‐linked BHVs fail within 12–15 years mainly due to leaflet tear and calcification defects. In this study, a novel visible light–induced cross‐linking of the porcine pericardium (PP) was realized by the photo‐oxidation of the furfuryl‐modified PP in the presence of Rose Bengal. The resulting material showed comparable collagen stability with the glutaraldehyde cross‐linked PP and appropriate biomechanical properties such as tensile strength, modulus, and elongation, suggesting that this material could meet the general requirement for BHVs. Besides, this cross‐linked PP showed significantly improved cytocompatibility compared with the Glut–cross‐linked PP, with no cytotoxicity to L929 cells and the ability to support HUVECgrowth. Meanwhile, this material showed superior anti‐tearing performance and much less calcification than the Glut–cross‐linked PP in hope of reducing the risk of BHV failure. Considering these results, the visible light–induced cross‐linking method proposed in this study could provide a promising way to construct a biocompatible and robust biomaterial for the fabrication of the BHV.

Citric acid cross‐linked chitosan for inhibiting oxidative stress after nerve injury

“…Due to the similar physical and chemical properties between hydrogel and soft tissue, there have been many studies on its application in tissue repair over the years, and more research will take in the future. 45,46 As nerve tissue is a type of soft tissue, hydrogel is often used to treat nerve injuries, such as peripheral nerve repair and spinal cord injury repair. 47 Chitosan is an excellent natural material with great application prospects due to its respectable cell compatibility and gel-forming properties.…”

Barrier Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR): A Focus on Recent Advances in Collagen Membranes

“…The most striking feature of natural polymeric membranes is their inherent bioactivity, which results in high biocompatibility and a more beneficial tissue regeneration microenvironment [ 35 ]. At the same time, natural polymers pose new problems involving partially strong immunogenic reactions, complex purification processes, and the risk of disease transmission [ 63 ]. Collagen and chitosan are two of the most representative natural polymeric membranes that have attracted the most research, with collagen in particular dominating the clinical landscape.…”

“…Collagen membranes also show low exposure rates, especially when compared to non-absorbable membranes, and their rapid absorption after exposure also effectively eliminates the open microenvironment for bacterial infection [ 66 , 67 , 68 ]. Furthermore, concerning its biological properties, collagen is the only animal-derived barrier membrane material whose low immunogenicity as well as adhesion and chemotaxis to fibroblasts and osteoblasts can mediate excellent tissue integration and angiogenesis [ 60 , 63 , 69 ]. Collagen membranes have also been shown to adsorb bone and cell-released active factors (e.g., TGF-b) as a molecular mechanism that contributes to bone regeneration [ 70 , 71 , 72 ].…”

Overview of Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery Applications of Reactive Electrospinning and Crosslinking Techniques of Polymeric Nanofibers with Highlights on Their Biocompatibility Testing and Regulatory Aspects

“…Nonetheless, it has recently garnered substantial interest in creating hydrogels for biomedical applications. A multitude of ongoing studies are currently being conducted to investigate the potential of various materials such as dextran-methacrylate poly(ethylene glycol)-maleic acid [ 90 ], hyaluronic acid [ 91 ], porcine pericardium (PP) [ 88 ], gelatin [ 92 ], and diverse elastomers [ 93 , 94 ] in this field. Recently, in situ visible-light crosslinked ESF was prepared by using polyurethane (PU) and light-curable poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA).…”