Visible Light Emission from Atomic Scale Patterns Fabricated by the Scanning Tunneling Microscope

Light emission induced by tunneling electrons from surface nanostructures observed by novel conductive and transparent probes

“…Generally, to perform STM-luminescence measurements, the emitted photons are collected at optical far-field using lenses (Dong et al, 2002;Hoffmann et al, 2002), fibers (Arafune et al, 2001;Thirstrup et al, 1999), or ellipsoidal reflectors (Nishitani et al, 1998;Suzuki et al, 1999) to focus light from a tip to a detector outside. Due to its relatively easy instrumentation, most STM-luminescence researches have adopted the far-field type of light detection (Arafune et al, 2001;Dong et al, 2002;Hoffmann et al, 2001Hoffmann et al, , 2002Nazin et al, 2003;Nishitani et al, 1998;Suzuki et al, 1999;Thirstrup et al, 1999).…”

Novel Conductive and Transparent Optical Fiber Probe for Multifunctional Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

“…This kind of STM-induced photon emission, or STM-induced luminescence (STML) is a local energy-dissipation process where a part of the energy carried by a tunneling electron is transferred to a radiative process, it has the potential ability to unveil local electronic structures and chemical states with high spatial resolution up to atomic scale, and the fabrication of nanoscale light source. Up to date, STML has been successfully observed on various surface nanostructures including metal surfaces [Berndt et al, 1993a[Berndt et al, , 1995Uehara et al, 1999], indirect-gap semiconductor surfaces Thirstrup et al, 1999], direct-gap semiconductors [Sasaki & Murashita, 1999;, fluorescence molecules [Berndt et al, 1993b;Fujita et al, 2001;Dong et al, 2004;Guo et al, , 2004, conjugated polymer films [Alvarado et al, 1997& Lidzey et al, 1997, quantum nanostructures & Tsuruoka et al, 2003 etc. The STML is believed to be realized by the excitation of highly localized tunneling current of a STM through following two ways as schematically shown in figures 1 (a) and (b).…”

“…In Figure 2(a), the emitted photons in STML measurements are normally collected at optical far-field using lenses (Dong et al, 2002;Hoffmann et al, 2002), fibers (Arafune et al, 2001;Thirstrup et al, 1999), or ellipsoidal reflectors (Nishitani et al, 1998;Suzuki et al, 1999) to focus light from a tip to a detector outside. This system have been widely used due to its relatively easy instrumentation (Arafune et al, 2001;Dong et al, 2002;Hoffmann et al, 2001Hoffmann et al, , 2002Nazin et al, 2003;Nishitani et al, 1998;Suzuki et al, 1999;Thirstrup et al, 1999).…”

“…This system have been widely used due to its relatively easy instrumentation (Arafune et al, 2001;Dong et al, 2002;Hoffmann et al, 2001Hoffmann et al, , 2002Nazin et al, 2003;Nishitani et al, 1998;Suzuki et al, 1999;Thirstrup et al, 1999). The other detection system is shown in figure 2 that the emitted photons are collected within the optical near-field into a conductive and transparent optical fiber probe.…”

Laser-Combined STM and Related Techniques for the Analysis of Nanoparticles/Clusters

“…STM luminescence spectroscopy is a measurement scheme in which the emitted light is collected to explore the local electronic properties of materials (Fig. 7) [19][20][21][22].…”