Visible Light-Driven Catalysts for Water Oxidation: Towards Solar Fuel Biorefineries

Tolod, Kristine Rodulfo

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-64127-4.00004-5

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…The ammonia synthesis process is promoted by the catalytic reaction between hydrogen and nitrogen elements through the Haber process (Arora et al 2018). It is performed in the as-designed reactor under operating conditions of 20-30 Mpa and 300-500 °C for pressure and temperature, respectively, using KOH-promoted finely divided iron catalysts with the required energy of 2.5 EJ (Tolod et al 2019).…”

Section: Production Of Ammoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen production, storage, utilisation and environmental impacts: a review

et al. 2021

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Dihydrogen (H2), commonly named ‘hydrogen’, is increasingly recognised as a clean and reliable energy vector for decarbonisation and defossilisation by various sectors. The global hydrogen demand is projected to increase from 70 million tonnes in 2019 to 120 million tonnes by 2024. Hydrogen development should also meet the seventh goal of ‘affordable and clean energy’ of the United Nations. Here we review hydrogen production and life cycle analysis, hydrogen geological storage and hydrogen utilisation. Hydrogen is produced by water electrolysis, steam methane reforming, methane pyrolysis and coal gasification. We compare the environmental impact of hydrogen production routes by life cycle analysis. Hydrogen is used in power systems, transportation, hydrocarbon and ammonia production, and metallugical industries. Overall, combining electrolysis-generated hydrogen with hydrogen storage in underground porous media such as geological reservoirs and salt caverns is well suited for shifting excess off-peak energy to meet dispatchable on-peak demand.

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Section: Production Of Ammoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen production, storage, utilisation and environmental impacts: a review

et al. 2021

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“…On the other hand, hematite has an alpha-corundum crystal structure and contains only Fe 3+ ions. Hematite is more compact and less prone to formation of defects and voids [29]. However, this is not the case when external voltage has been supplied.…”

Section: Volume Fraction Of Voids In Oxide Scalementioning

confidence: 98%

Voltage-Induced Void Formation in High-Temperature Oxide Scales of Boiler Tubes

Rosdin,

Bakar,

Hamid

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The formation of voids in the oxide scale during high temperature oxidation is one of critical issues that leads to poor oxide scale adherence, fouling, spalling and materials loss, which affect substrate’s performance. Visual inspection is currently the sole way to detect corrosion process at high temperature environment. At room temperature, under the standard condition, cathodic protection has been successfully employed to monitor and control the corrosion. Understanding the development of voids in oxide scale is crucial to develop mitigation strategies and predictive maintenance. Thus, this study was intended to serve as a preliminary step to emulate the cathodic protection technique at high temperature. By polarizing the sample, it is postulated that it may affects the diffusivity of cation/anion in oxide scale, which is the rate determining step of the oxidation process. Ueda et al and Maruyama et al has shown that the difference in flux, or chemical potential of the oxygen species is the sole factor for the formation of void in oxide scale in controlled environment. In this study, the amount of voids present was measure directly on T91 alloys exposed at 823 K under various induced voltageT91 alloy which consists of Fe-9%Cr was externally induced with voltages of 0V, 50V and 300V for 43.2 ks, 259.2 ks and 432 ks at 923 K in air (\({P}_{{O}_{2}}\)) = 0.21 atm = 2.1 × 104 Pa). The presence of oxide layers was analysed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and the void formed was inspected using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). XRD results reveal that peaks of Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeCr2O3 and Cr2O3 were formed on all sample. The parabolic rate constant, Kp was calculated as 3.83 × 10–14 m2/s, 2.17 × 10–14 m2/s and 9.25 × 10–14 m2/s respectively, verifying that the reaction occurred was a solid state diffusion. Changes in Kp at different induced voltages is clear evidence that the diffusivity was altered by external electrical potential. It was observed that the overall void formation decreased by 17%. Apparently, inducing voltage onto T91 alloy effects the ionic diffusivity and changes the void formation. Conversely, it may be used to promote diffusivity of more inert species such as Cr to form protective layer at early stage of oxidation.

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“…Likewise, the passivation layer can improve J photo by improving the charge transfer and separation steps of the semiconductor and liquid interface. [144] These charge transfer efficiency increases can be analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), which is a powerful analysis technique for measuring each resistance of an electrochemical system assuming that an equivalent circuit. [145] Cocatalysts take the role of the inhibitor on surface back reaction (SBR).…”

Section: Solar-to-hydrogen Efficiency and Applied Bias Photon-tocurre...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Dots, Passivation Layer and Cocatalysts for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production

Kim

Choe

et al. 2022

ChemSusChem

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Solar‐driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen production is one potential pathway to establish a carbon‐neutral society. Nowadays, quantum dots (QDs)‐sensitized semiconductors have emerged as promising materials for PEC hydrogen production due to their tunable bandgap by size or morphology control, displaying excellent optical and electrical properties. Nevertheless, they still suffer from anodic corrosion during long‐term cycling, offering poor stability. This Review discussed advancements to improve long‐term stability of QDs particularly in terms of cocatalysts and passivation layers. The working principle of PEC cells was reviewed, along with all important configurations adopted over recent years. The equations to assess PEC performance were also described. A greater emphasized was placed on QDs and incorporation of cocatalysts or passivation layers that could enhance the PEC performance by influencing the charge transfer and surface recombination processes.

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Visible Light-Driven Catalysts for Water Oxidation: Towards Solar Fuel Biorefineries

Cited by 20 publications

References 141 publications

Hydrogen production, storage, utilisation and environmental impacts: a review

Hydrogen production, storage, utilisation and environmental impacts: a review

Voltage-Induced Void Formation in High-Temperature Oxide Scales of Boiler Tubes

Quantum Dots, Passivation Layer and Cocatalysts for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production

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