Visible light communication using a conventional image sensor

Aoyama, Hideki; Oshima, Mitsuaki

doi:10.1109/ccnc.2015.7157954

Cited by 41 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A flicker problem occurs when the blinking frequency of the LED is less than 100 Hz [11]. The different solutions of the flicker problem were reported in [9], [12]- [15]. Here we can see that the communication speed and LED flicker problem are the main focus of existing research in VLC, but the flexibility of parameter settings of the modulation scheme is not a focus point of those research papers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Square Wave Quadrature Amplitude Modulation for Visible Light Communication Using Image Sensor

et al. 2019

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Most visible light communication (VLC) technologies use a light emitting diode (LED) as a data transmitter and a photodiode as a receiver. In this paper, we alternatively focus on the use of an image sensor or camera as a receiver due to its wide availability. However, the successful use of an image sensor mainly depends on the efficiency of the encoder-decoder and the modulation scheme. Thus, this paper proposes a novel modulation scheme based on a square wave signal called a square wave quadrature amplitude modulation (SW-QAM) method. This method can accommodate different camera settings and overcome the problem of LED flicker that is generally sensed by human eyes when the LED frequency is low. At the transmitter side, multiple LEDs can be used to increase the transmission bit rate, while, at the receiver side, a Wiener filter is used as a complementary technique to SW-QAM for solving the light interference phenomenon due to the closeness of one LED to another. Our experimental results show that the proposed SW-QAM scheme can decode symbols very well either the for close or far communication distances, dark or bright lighting conditions, and single or multiple LED points. INDEX TERMS Visible light communication (VLC), image sensor communication (ISC), exposure time, square wave quadrature amplitude modulation (SW-QAM).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Square Wave Quadrature Amplitude Modulation for Visible Light Communication Using Image Sensor

et al. 2019

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“…5, pixels are read out sequentially line by line in the rolling shutter method, whereas pixels are all read out simultaneously in the global shutter method. Although this sequential exposure mechanism distorts moving objects and degrades image quality, it offers substantial benefits for ISC in terms of data rate [42].…”

Section: Reception Of Visible-light Beacon Using Rolling Shuttermentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Wireless Communication: A Candidate 6G Technology?

Arai

Kinoshita

Yamazato

2021

IEICE Trans. Fundamentals

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“…S2-PSK can demodulate randomly sampled images which allow it to be used for variable frame rate cameras. Recently, several other hybrid modulation schemes are standardized which include but not limited to pulse width modulation/pulse position modulation (PWM/PPM) [43,44], camera multiple frequency shift keying (CM-FSK) [45,46,47], camera on-off keying (C-OOK) [48], rolling shutter frequency shift keying (RS-FSK) [48], asynchronous quick link (A-QL) [49], hidden asynchronous quick link (HA-QL) [49], and variable transparent amplitude shape code (VTASC) [49].…”

Section: Ieee Standardized Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical camera communications: Survey, use cases, challenges, and future trends

Saeed

Guo

Park

et al. 2019

Physical Communication

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Recently, a camera or an image sensor receiver based optical wireless communications (OWC) techniques have attracted particular interest in areas such as the internet of things, indoor localization, motion capture, and intelligent transportation systems. As a supplementary technique of high-speed OWC based on photo-detectors, communications hinging on image sensors as receivers do not need much modification to the current infrastructure, such that the implementation complexity and cost are quite low. Therefore, in this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of optical camera communication (OCC) techniques, and their use in localization, navigation, and motion capture. This survey is distinguishable from the existing reviews on this topic by covering multiple aspects of OCC and its various applications. The first part of the paper focuses on the standardization, channel characterization, modulation, coding, synchronization, and signal processing techniques for OCC systems while the second part of the article presents the literature on OCC based localization, navigation, motion capture, and intelligent transportation systems. Finally, in the last part of the paper, we present the challenges and future research directions of OCC.(OCC) [5]. FSO communication systems consist of a laser diode (LD) transmitter and a photodiode (PD) receiver. It typically relies on UV or visible bands, offers high rate transmission in a long distance, and can be used for a backhaul of communication networks. However, FSO communications need a strict alignment, and consequently, their cost at transceivers is high. Also, FSO communication systems suffer from atmospheric turbulence which can be mitigated by using different statistical channel models [6,7,8,9,10], robust modulation techniques [11,12], and accurate pointing and tracking methods [13,14,15]. On the other hand, VLC hinging on visible bands is an LD or light emitting diode (LED) transmitter and PD receiver-based medium-range communication technology. VLC is capable of offering high data rate within a range of tens of meters but does not consider multiple user access. The advancement of VLC systems has also led to enable various location aware indoor applications. Recently, several indoor localization systems based on VLC are proposed [16,17,18,19,20]. Interested readers are referred to [21,22], and the references therein for VLC based indoor localization and tracking methods. Nevertheless, the VLC technology suffers from both limited coverage and interference. Increasing the field of view of the LEDs improves the coverage; however, it increases the interference at the receiver. Signal-to-interference ratio based methods can be used to analyze the coverage and interference problems in VLC systems [23]. Different from VLC, Li-Fi is an LED transmitter based light networking technology that involves multiple user access, bidirectional communications, multi-cell handover, etc. The emerging Li-Fi supports mobile communica-

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Visible light communication using a conventional image sensor

Cited by 41 publications

References 3 publications

Square Wave Quadrature Amplitude Modulation for Visible Light Communication Using Image Sensor

Square Wave Quadrature Amplitude Modulation for Visible Light Communication Using Image Sensor

Optical Wireless Communication: A Candidate 6G Technology?

Optical camera communications: Survey, use cases, challenges, and future trends

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