Visible light communication and positioning using positioning cells and machine learning algorithms

Chuang, Yu Cheng; Li, Zhi Qing; Hsu, Chin Wei; Liu, Yang; Chow, Chi‐Wai

doi:10.1364/oe.27.016377

Cited by 64 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Kezhi Wang. the current RF in indoor (mostly), outdoor and underwater applications [6]- [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum-Efficient Triple-Layer Hybrid Optical OFDM for IM/DD-Based Optical Wireless Communications

Zhang

Ghassemlooy

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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In this paper, a triple-layer hybrid optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (THO-OFDM) for intensity modulation with direct detection (IM/DD) systems with a high spectral efficiency is proposed. We combine N-point asymmetrically clipped optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ACO-OFDM), N /2-point ACO-OFDM, and N /2-point pulse amplitude modulated discrete multitoned (PAM-DMT) in a single frame for simultaneous transmission. The time-and frequency-domain demodulation methods are introduced by fully exploiting the special structure of the proposed THO-OFDM. Theoretical analysis show that, the proposed THO-OFDM can reach the spectral efficiency limit of the conventional layered ACO-OFDM (LACO-OFDM). Simulation results demonstrate that, the time-domain receiver offers improved bit error rate (BER) performance compared with the frequency-domain with ∼40% reduced computation complexity when using 512 subcarriers. Furthermore, we show a 3 dB improvement in the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) compared with LACO-OFDM for the same three layers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum-Efficient Triple-Layer Hybrid Optical OFDM for IM/DD-Based Optical Wireless Communications

Zhang

Ghassemlooy

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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“…We modelled an optical sensor based on only three PDs and two infrared LEDs by taking into account radiometric properties. The infrared LED i flickers at frequency f i just as in [20], [21], [23]. Each photodiode receives the infrared signal at each frequency.…”

Section: System Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We aim at using off-the-shelf PDs without lens instead of specific PDs as proposed in [19]. The IPS aims at accurately estimating the pose (position and orientation) of a robot in a set of critical areas such as near edges, near entrance and exit of corridors using a fixed beacon and a embedded receiver while the repeated unit cells of LEDs define the visual light positioning system in [20], [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Three-Photo-Detector Optical Sensor Accurately Localizes a Mobile Robot Indoors by Using Two Infrared Light-Emitting Diodes

2020

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Indoor positioning systems are facing to the demand of large-scale industrial applications in mobile robotics. It is still challenging to create an indoor positioning system that is easily embeddable, accurate, robust and power efficient. We constructed an easily embeddable, low-power optical sensor named InLock without lens to localize a mobile robot indoors moving at 0.20 m/s with an accuracy inferior to 10cm for the position and 0.1rad for the heading by using only three photo-detectors (PDs) and two infrared Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs). (i) We modelled the optical sensor based on only three photo-detectors and two infrared LEDs by taking into account radiometric properties. (ii) We constructed the optical sensor by optimizing the geometry of the beacon and the receiver. (iii) We implemented and validated online estimation algorithms for an operating range at a height up to 3m by using an extended Kalman filter and a complementary filter. Our results showed that modelling the optical sensor so that it takes into account radiometric properties and it optimizes the geometry of the beacon can enhance the accuracy of the indoor positioning system.

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“…Received signal strength (RSS) based VLP are proposed [14], [15], in which the Rx power increases when the distance between Tx and Rx decreases. Recently, an RSS based VLP using machine learning (ML) to increase the positioning accuracy is demonstrated [16]. However, a large number of training samples are required in the ML training process to achieve high positioning accuracy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Linear Interpolation to Reduce the Training Samples for Regression Based Visible Light Positioning System

Hsu

Liu

et al. 2020

IEEE Photonics J.

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We put forward and experimentally demonstrate a second order machinelearning (ML) based visible-light-positioning (VLP) system using simple linear interpolation algorithm to reduce the training samples required in the ML algorithm. Algorithms of the second order regression ML model using 2,430 training samples; and using the reduced training samples of 570 with and without the proposed linear interpolation are compared and discussed. We can observe that the positioning accuracy of using training samples of 570 with the proposed interpolation can have similar performance when compared with using 2,430 training samples. The training samples are reduced by ∼76.5%. Here, off-the-shelf LED lamps and low bandwidth electrical and optical components are employed; and the system is cost-effective. Good quality on-off keying (OOK) identifier (ID) signals are retrieved after frequency down-conversion from 20 kHz, 40 kHz and 60 kHz without and with optical background noises respectively.

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Visible light communication and positioning using positioning cells and machine learning algorithms

Cited by 64 publications

References 12 publications

Spectrum-Efficient Triple-Layer Hybrid Optical OFDM for IM/DD-Based Optical Wireless Communications

Spectrum-Efficient Triple-Layer Hybrid Optical OFDM for IM/DD-Based Optical Wireless Communications

A Three-Photo-Detector Optical Sensor Accurately Localizes a Mobile Robot Indoors by Using Two Infrared Light-Emitting Diodes

Using Linear Interpolation to Reduce the Training Samples for Regression Based Visible Light Positioning System

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