Visible‐Light Aided C−H activation: Metal/Base‐Free Generation of C−C bonds using Porphyrin Photocatalyst

Abstract

Herein, we report the application of a meso‐substituted porphyrin dyad entangled with carboxyl functionalized benzimidazolium moieties (CPDCFBM) as a heterogeneous photocatalyst for C−H activation of various electron‐donating and withdrawing aromatic compounds with highly inactivated aryl fluoride, chlorides, and other aryl bromides. A simple methodology adopted to synthesize the corresponding product has received an outstanding yield from (69–88 %) under 5 W illumination using a homemade photoreactor assembly. CPDCFBM tolerated various functional groups with recyclability up to five runs without much decline in photocatalytic activity. Photogenerated excitons vitality in the reaction was analyzed using K2S2O8 and KI. CPDCFBM was shown a Hammett acidity value of 0.77. The reaction conditions were optimized as; time (18 h), catalyst (15 mg), and light illumination (5 W) from an LED source using ethanol as an eco‐friendly solvent. The products obtained were crystalline and therefore need no further purification. The electroanalytical study revealed HOMO and LUMO energy of −5.841 and −4.066 respectively accounting for an energy gap of, 1.7 eV.

Construction of porphyrin-based photocatalyst comprising pyridinium ionic liquid moiety for the metal-free visible light-assisted N-arylation of amines: facile approach to afford drug intermediates

“…Using the eqn (2), the Hammett acidity ( H 0 ) was calculated as follows: H 0 = p K ( I ) aq − log[I]/[HI + ]where [I] is the absorbance found due to unprotonated 4-nitroaniline and [HI + ] is the absorbance due to protonated 4-nitroaniline. 60 The Hammett acidity of the PBILFPc was found to be 0.64 (Fig. 4).…”

“…where [I] is the absorbance found due to unprotonated 4-nitroaniline and [HI + ] is the absorbance due to protonated 4-nitroaniline. 60 The Hammett acidity of the PBILFPc was found to be 0.64 (Fig. 4).…”

Review On Strategies For the Design and Synthesis of Flower‐Like Bi2WO6 and BiOX (X=F, Cl, Br, I) Composites for Photocatalytic Environmental Remediation

“…Hence it is essential for the waste water management and treatment by environmental remediation [1] . In order to address this issue, the investigators have taken it into consideration for the ecofriendly alternatives to utilize the inorganic and organic semiconductor as a photocatalyst which offers the green synthetic route for the energy saving technologies [2–6] . Photogenerated electrons and holes emanate from semiconductors and participate in oxidation and reduction, respectively on irradiation of light [7] .…”

“…[1] In order to address this issue, the investigators have taken it into consideration for the ecofriendly alternatives to utilize the inorganic and organic semiconductor as a photocatalyst which offers the green synthetic route for the energy saving technologies. [2][3][4][5][6] Photo-generated electrons and holes emanate from semiconductors and participate in oxidation and reduction, respectively on irradiation of light. [7] As an outcome, photocatalysis enhances redox processes such as water oxidation, CO 2 reduction, H 2 evolution, Dye sensitized solar cell, N 2 fixation, biomass conversion and pollutant degradation.…”