Visible extreme adaptive optics on extremely large telescopes: towards detecting oxygen in Proxima Centauri b and analogs

Fowler, Jules; Haffert, Sebastiaan; van Kooten, Maaike; Landman, Rico; Bidot, Alexis; Hours, Adrien; N'Diaye, Mamadou; Absil, Olivier; Altinier, Lisa; Baudoz, Pierre; Belikov, Ruslan; Bonse, Markus; Bott, Kimberly; Brandl, Bernhard; Carlotti, Alexis; Casewell, Sarah L.; Choquet, Élodie; Cowan, Nicolas B.; Desai, Niyati; Doelman, David; Fogarty, Kevin; Gebhard, Timothy D.; Gutierrez, Yann; Guyon, Olivier; Herscovici-Schiller, Olivier; Juanola-Parramon, Roser; Kenworthy, Matthew; Kleisioti, Elina; König, Lorenzo; Krasteva, Mariya; Laginja, Iva; Leboulleux, Lucie; Mazoyer, Johan; Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A.; Mouillet, David; Por, Emiel H.; Pueyo, Laurent; Snik, Frans; van Dam, Dirk; Van Gorkom, Kyle; Vaughan, Sophia R.

doi:10.1117/12.2677503

Cited by 2 publications

References 29 publications

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Tempestas ex machina: a review of machine learning methods for wavefront control

Fowler,

Landman

2023

Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets XI

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As we look to the next generation of adaptive optics systems, now is the time to develop and explore the technologies that will allow us to image rocky Earth-like planets; wavefront control algorithms are not only a crucial component of these systems, but can benefit our adaptive optics systems without requiring increased detector speed and sensitivity or more effective and efficient deformable mirrors. To date, most observatories run the workhorse of their wavefront control as a classic integral controller, which estimates a correction from wavefront sensor residuals, and attempts to apply that correction as fast as possible in closed-loop. An integrator of this nature fails to address temporal lag errors that evolve over scales faster than the correction time, as well as vibrations or dynamic errors within the system that are not encapsulated in the wavefront sensor residuals; these errors impact high contrast imaging systems with complex coronagraphs. With the rise in popularity of machine learning, many are investigating applying modern machine learning methods to wavefront control. Furthermore, many linear implementations of machine learning methods (under varying aliases) have been in development for wavefront control for the last 30-odd years. With this work we define machine learning in its simplest terms, explore the most common machine learning methods applied in the context of this problem, and present a review of the literature concerning novel machine learning approaches to wavefront control.

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Tempestas ex machina: a review of machine learning methods for wavefront control

Fowler,

Landman

2023

Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets XI

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Lethal Surface Ozone Concentrations Are Possible on Habitable Zone Exoplanets

Cooke,

Marsh,

Walsh

et al. 2024

Planet. Sci. J.

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Ozone (O3) is important for the survival of life on Earth because it shields the surface from ionizing ultraviolet radiation. However, the existence of O3 in Earth’s atmosphere is not always beneficial. Resulting from anthropogenic activity, O3 exists as a biologically harmful pollutant at the surface when it forms in the presence of sunlight and other pollutants. As a strong oxidizer, O3 can be lethal to several different organisms; thus, when assessing the potential habitability of an exoplanet, a key part is determining whether toxic gases could be present at its surface. Using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model version 6 (WACCM6; a three-dimensional chemistry-climate model), 12 atmospheric simulations of the terrestrial exoplanet TRAPPIST-1 e are performed with a variety of O2 concentrations and assuming two different stellar spectra proposed in the literature. Four atmospheric simulations of the exoplanet Proxima Centauri b are also included. Some scenarios for both exoplanets exhibit time-averaged surface O3 mixing ratios exceeding harmful levels of 40 ppbv, with 2120 ppbv the maximum concentration found in the cases simulated. These concentrations are toxic and can be fatal to most life on Earth. In other scenarios O3 remains under harmful limits over a significant fraction of the surface, despite there being present regions that may prove inhospitable. In the case in which O3 is detected in a terrestrial exoplanet’s atmosphere, determining the surface concentration is an important step when evaluating a planet’s habitability.

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Visible extreme adaptive optics on extremely large telescopes: towards detecting oxygen in Proxima Centauri b and analogs

Cited by 2 publications

References 29 publications

Tempestas ex machina: a review of machine learning methods for wavefront control

Tempestas ex machina: a review of machine learning methods for wavefront control

Lethal Surface Ozone Concentrations Are Possible on Habitable Zone Exoplanets

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