Visibility-reducing species in the denver “brown cloud”—II. Sources and temporal patterns

Wolff, George T.; Countess, Richard J.; Groblicki, Peter J.; Ferman, Martin A.; Cadle, Steven H.; Muhlbaier, J. L.

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(81)90064-0

Cited by 114 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Using the EC measurement of Cadle et al (1980), which does not correct for pyrolysis, significant amount of EC is attributed to biomass smoke along with other non-vehicular sources including natural gas combustion and fuel oil combustion. Clearly, the EC measurements used by Wolff et al (1981) and source apportionment studies that use similar EC measurement methodologies (Pratsinis et al, 1984) are not comparable with either of the modern measurements of EC which have pyrolysis correction. The molecular marker source apportionment model of Schauer et al (1996) can be used to calculate the sources of EC as measured by the NIOSH ECOC method in 1982 at four locations in the Los Angeles area.…”

Section: Source Apportionment Studies Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…These results provide important information on the appropriateness and viability of EC as a tracer for diesel engine emissions. Table 5 presents a summary of molecular marker source apportionment models that can be used to estimate the contributions to EC concentrations, along with one trace element based source apportionment study that used a carefully constructed emissions inventory to aid in the apportionment modeling (Wolff et al, 1981).…”

Section: Source Apportionment Studies Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is very evident in the apportioned sources of EC during the Denver Brown Cloud Study of 1978 (Wolff et al, 1981). Using the EC measurement of Cadle et al (1980), which does not correct for pyrolysis, significant amount of EC is attributed to biomass smoke along with other non-vehicular sources including natural gas combustion and fuel oil combustion.…”

Section: Source Apportionment Studies Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of elemental carbon as a marker for diesel particulate matter

Schauer

2003

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

217

123

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Elemental carbon (EC) in atmospheric particulate matter originates from a broad range of sources in many urban locations. As health and air quality studies are using elemental carbon measurements to better understand the impact of diesel engines and other combustion sources, there is a great need to clearly understand the relative source contributions to EC concentrations in the atmosphere. However, the different analytical techniques currently used to measure EC do not show good agreement for many particulate matter samples. To this end, studies that use EC as a tracer and integrate different analytical techniques for EC can significantly bias estimates of source contributions to atmospheric particulate matter. In addition, source attribution studies that do not properly address all sources of EC in the atmosphere can also lead to inaccuracies and biases. To better understand the use of EC as a tracer, a review of the distribution of EC in the primary particulate matter emissions from air pollution sources using different analytical methods is discussed. A review of previous apportionment studies of particulate matter is presented to elucidate the fraction of EC that results from emissions from diesel engines in urban locations. These results demonstrate that EC is not a unique tracer for diesel exhaust and efforts to utilize EC as an indicator of diesel exhaust must properly address other sources of EC as well as utilize a consistent measurement technique for EC when comparing source and ambient EC measurements to avoid significant biases.

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Section: Source Apportionment Studies Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Source Apportionment Studies Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Source Apportionment Studies Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of elemental carbon as a marker for diesel particulate matter

Schauer

2003

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

217

123

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“…On composite high-volume samples from the Denver study, contemporary carbon comprised 33% of the total carbon. 37 The results of the emission tests conducted by Muhlbaier and Williams 38 using native Colorado soft wood, which is the principal type used in the Denver area, were used to estimate the portions of contemporary EC and OC as well as the fraction of contemporary EC in the FPM. Results of additional tests showed that native Colorado soft wood emits higher amounts of EC than the Eastern hardwoods.…”

Section: Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particulate Elemental Carbon in the Atmosphere

Wolff

1981

Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association

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“…The ''elemental" fraction, defined as being non-volatile, may include high molecular weight compounds as well as amorphous or graphitic carbon [28,29].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

NBSEPA energy environment project to the Environmental Protection Agency Office of Environmental Processes & Effects Research Jan. - Dec. 1980

1981

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Visibility-reducing species in the denver “brown cloud”—II. Sources and temporal patterns

Cited by 114 publications

References 29 publications

Evaluation of elemental carbon as a marker for diesel particulate matter

Evaluation of elemental carbon as a marker for diesel particulate matter

Particulate Elemental Carbon in the Atmosphere

NBSEPA energy environment project to the Environmental Protection Agency Office of Environmental Processes & Effects Research Jan. - Dec. 1980

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