Viscous magnetoresistance of correlated electron liquids

Levchenko, Alex; Xie, Hong-Yi; Andreev, A. V.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.95.121301

Cited by 37 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…The implications of a dominant viscous force on electronic flow have been studied in wide range of theoretical works [5][6][7][8][9][10] . While initial efforts were primarily based on linearized Navier-Stokes equations, which describe electron hydrodynamics in the context of diffusive transport [11][12][13] , there is now a developing understanding that a central part of the physical picture is the emergence of hydrodynamics from ballistic flow [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] . Reaching the hydrodynamic regime in experiment requires materials of such high purity that the influence of ohmic, transport can be minimized, which is now possible in a growing number of high-mobility systems.…”

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confidence: 99%

Visualizing Poiseuille flow of hydrodynamic electrons

Sulpizio

Ella

Rozen

et al. 2019

Nature

258

240

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Hydrodynamics is a general description for the flow of a fluid, and is expected to hold even for fundamental particles such as electrons when inter-particle interactions dominate. While various aspects of electron hydrodynamics were revealed in recent experiments, the fundamental spatial structure of hydrodynamic electrons, the Poiseuille flow profile, has remained elusive. In this work we provide the first real-space imaging of Poiseuille flow of an electronic fluid, as well as visualization of its evolution from ballistic flow. Utilizing a scanning nanotube single electron transistor, we image the Hall voltage of electronic flow through channels of high-mobility graphene. We find that the profile of the Hall field across the channel is a key physical quantity for distinguishing ballistic from hydrodynamic flow. We image the transition from flat, ballistic field profiles at low temperature into parabolic field profiles at elevated temperatures, which is the hallmark of Poiseuille flow. The curvature of the imaged profiles is qualitatively reproduced by Boltzmann calculations, which allow us to create a 'phase diagram' that characterizes the electron flow regimes. Our results provide long-sought, direct confirmation of Poiseuille flow in the solid state, and enable a new approach for exploring the rich physics of interacting electrons in real space.

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confidence: 99%

Visualizing Poiseuille flow of hydrodynamic electrons

Sulpizio

Ella

Rozen

et al. 2019

Nature

258

240

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“…In this paper, we have extended the arguments of [20,21] and demonstrated that magnetoresistance is essentially always positive in simple electron liquids with strong interactions, regardless of the strength of inhomogeneity, and even when interactions are not very strong. We expect that our most relevant observation is the extreme sensitivity of the resistivity to an external magnetic field in or near a hydrodynamic flow regime of the electrons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…In this paper, we will argue that the conclusion of [20,21] is valid more generally, and thus that negative magnetoresistance is not a signature of viscous flow in a bulk crystal. We do so from two perspectives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Indeed, this effect has been observed in GaAs [18], as well as in very narrow channels of graphene [19]. Later, [20,21] pointed out that in bulk crystals, the magnetoresistance would always be positive; however, their argument is perturbative in the strength of the inhomogeneity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Secondly, we will argue that near a low temperature transition between viscous electron flow and ballistic electron flow, there is an enormous positive magnetoresistance. Therefore, the conclusion of [20,21] cannot be avoided by studying systems near the onset of viscous flow. In fact, we argue that the magnetic field dependence of resistivity is so strong that magnetoresistance is an excellent test for whether resistance minima (where ρ(T ) is a decreasing function at low T ) are a consequence of viscous effects [15] or other effects, such as Kondo physics [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sign of viscous magnetoresistance in electron fluids

Mandal

Lucas

2020

Phys. Rev. B

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In sufficiently clean metals, it is possible for electrons to collectively flow as a viscous fluid at finite temperature. These viscous effects have been predicted to give a notable magnetoresistance, but whether the magnetoresistance is positive or negative has been debated. We argue that regardless of the strength of inhomogeneity, bulk magnetoresistance is always positive in the hydrodynamic regime. We also compute transport in weakly inhomogeneous metals across the ballistic-to-hydrodynamic crossover, where we also find positive magnetoresistance. The non-monotonic temperature dependence of resistivity in this regime (a bulk Gurzhi effect) rapidly disappears upon turning on any finite magnetic field, suggesting that magnetotransport is a simple test for viscous effects in bulk transport, including at the onset of the hydrodynamic regime.

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Hydrodynamic Approach to Electronic Transport in Graphene

et al. 2017

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The last few years have seen an explosion of interest in hydrodynamic effects in interacting electron systems in ultra-pure materials. In this paper we briefly review the recent advances, both theoretical and experimental, in the hydrodynamic approach to electronic transport in graphene, focusing on viscous phenomena, Coulomb drag, non-local transport measurements, and possibilities for observing nonlinear effects.Hydrodynamics describes a great variety of phenomena around (and inside) us, including, e.g., the flow of water in rivers, seas, and oceans, atmospheric phenomena, aircraft motion, the flow of petroleum in pipelines, or the blood flow through blood vessels in humans and animals. It has been realized a long time ago that the flow of electrons in a conductor should, under certain circumstances, also obey the laws of hydrodynamics. In particular, Gurzhi 1,2 predicted that electrons can exhibit a Poiseuille-type flow 3,4 analogous to that of liquids in pipes. This should result in an initial power-law decrease of resistivity with the transverse cross-section of a sample and temperature, leading to a pronounced minimum. It has turned out, however, that an experimental realization of such a regime in a metal or a semiconductor is a highly non-trivial task. Three decades have passed before de Jong and Molenkamp 5 observed the Gurzhi effect, and even in that work the magnitude of the effect did not exceed 20%.Why is it so difficult to implement electron hydrodynamics in a laboratory experiment? In contrast to molecules of a conventional liquid, electrons move in the environment formed by the crystal lattice. Therefore, the electrons experience not only collisions among themselves, but also scatter off thermally excited lattice vibrations -phonons -as well as various lattice imperfections (impurities). The hydrodynamic regime is realized when the frequency of electron-electron collisions is much larger than the rates of both, electron-phonon and electron-impurity scattering. These two requirements limit the temperature window for the hydrodynamic flow both from above and from below, and may even be in a conflict with each other. In a typical solid, the elastic impurity scattering dominates electronic transport at low temperatures, whereas at high temperatures the leading mechanism is the electron-phonon scattering. Thus, the requirement of the electron-electron scattering being the fastest process -which is the key condition for the hydrodynamics -may only be satisfied, if at all, in an intermediate temperature range. It turns out that this regime is not well developed in conventional conductors, with the possible exception of the ultrahigh-mobility GaAs quantum wells 6-8 exhibiting negative magnetoresistance 9 and ultra-pure palladium cobaltate 10 . The experimental discovery of graphene 11 has given a new boost to the research in the field of quantum transport. In particular, it has been realized that, among other remarkable properties, graphene is an excellent material for the realization of hydrodynamic flo...

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Viscous magnetoresistance of correlated electron liquids

Cited by 37 publications

References 49 publications

Visualizing Poiseuille flow of hydrodynamic electrons

Visualizing Poiseuille flow of hydrodynamic electrons

Sign of viscous magnetoresistance in electron fluids

Hydrodynamic Approach to Electronic Transport in Graphene

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