Viscosity of epoxy resins based on aromatic diamines, glucose, bisphenolic and bio-based derivatives: a comprehensive review

Dagdag, Omar; Hsissou, Rachid; Safi, Zaki; Hamed, Othman; Jodeh, Shehdeh; Haldhar, Rajesh; Verma, Chandrabhan; Ebenso, Eno E.; Bachiri, Abderrahim El; Gouri, M. El

doi:10.1007/s10965-022-03040-3

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The crosslinked polymer melt was not easily deformed and could maintain its morphology in the melt even at high shear rates, resulting in higher viscosities of PBDx than those of PBD. However, under high shear rates, the breakdown of the crosslinked networks formed by PER caused an evident decrease in viscosity [30]. Furthermore, the viscosity of PBDx increased with the increase in PER content.…”

Section: Dynamic Viscoelastic Properties Of Pbd and Pbdxmentioning

confidence: 96%

Long-Chain Branched Bio-Based Poly(butylene dodecanedioate) Copolyester Using Pentaerythritol as Branching Agent: Synthesis, Thermo-Mechanical, and Rheological Properties

Niu

Zheng

et al. 2023

Polymers

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The introduction of long-chain branched structures into biodegradable polyesters can effectively improve the melt strength and blow-molding properties of polyesters. In this study, pentaerythritol (PER) was used as a branching agent to synthesize branched poly(butylene dodecanedioate) (PBD), and the resulting polymers were characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Proton Spectra (1H NMR) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). It was found that the introduction of a small amount of PER (0.25–0.5 mol%) can generate branching and even crosslinking structures. Both impact strength and tensile modulus can be greatly improved by the introduction of a branching agent. With the introduction of 1 mol% PER content in PBD, the notched impact strength of PBD has been increased by 85%, and the tensile modulus has been increased by 206%. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry results showed that PER-branched PBDs exhibited improved crystallization ability compared with linear PBDs. Dynamic viscoelastics revealed that shear-thickening behaviors can be found for all branched PBD under low shear rates.

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Section: Dynamic Viscoelastic Properties Of Pbd and Pbdxmentioning

confidence: 96%

Long-Chain Branched Bio-Based Poly(butylene dodecanedioate) Copolyester Using Pentaerythritol as Branching Agent: Synthesis, Thermo-Mechanical, and Rheological Properties

Niu

Zheng

et al. 2023

Polymers

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“…[20][21][22] Biomass is the most abundant renewable resource on the earth, thus, it has attracted great attention in the replacement of fossil oils for the sustainable production of bio-based polymer materials. [23][24][25] The bio-based polymer materials usually could be obtained in two ways, derived from biological sources such as microorganisms and plants, 26,27 or produced by synthetic chemistry from biological sources such as vegetable oils, fats, sugars, proteins, and amino acids. [28][29][30][31][32] Theoretically speaking, biomass is carbon neutral, which will not add net carbon dioxide to the atmosphere during its processing and transformation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-based hyperbranched epoxy resins: synthesis and recycling

Jiang,

Li,

et al. 2024

Chem. Soc. Rev.

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“…The manufacturing takes place at temperatures near the melting point of the used thermoplastic matrix to reduce its viscosity and enable sufficient impregnation of the fibres. Common melt viscosity values for thermoplastics are 10 2 –10 4 Pa·s, which are much higher compared to those of epoxy polymers during impregnation (10 −1 –10 1 Pa·s) [ 2 , 3 ]. As a result, different manufacturing processes need to be considered, and a fundamental understanding of the respective process parameters is crucial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Process Parameters in Thermoforming of Unidirectional Fibre-Reinforced Thermoplastics

Winhard,

Nestler,

Kroll

2024

Polymers

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Process-induced defects during thermoforming are widespread problems in laminate manufacturing. The aim of this study is to describe the effects of holding time and pressure on several properties of the manufactured laminate. A design of experiments is performed, followed by an analysis of variance to examine significant effects. Subsequently, a regression model is created to predict the laminate’s properties, which is also validated. A significant interaction between holding time and pressure is determined for the resulting tensile strength and elongation at break with a p-value of 1.52·10−16 and 0.02, respectively. The highest values of tensile strength and elongation at break are found for low settings of holding time and pressure. The fibre volume fraction is not affected by the process parameters. As holding time and pressure increase, significant fibre misalignment takes place, leading to a decrease of the mechanical properties. The regression model corresponds well with the validation and a tensile strength of 1049 MPa with an elongation at break of 2.3% is reached.

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Viscosity of epoxy resins based on aromatic diamines, glucose, bisphenolic and bio-based derivatives: a comprehensive review

Cited by 10 publications

References 75 publications

Long-Chain Branched Bio-Based Poly(butylene dodecanedioate) Copolyester Using Pentaerythritol as Branching Agent: Synthesis, Thermo-Mechanical, and Rheological Properties

Long-Chain Branched Bio-Based Poly(butylene dodecanedioate) Copolyester Using Pentaerythritol as Branching Agent: Synthesis, Thermo-Mechanical, and Rheological Properties

Bio-based hyperbranched epoxy resins: synthesis and recycling

Effects of Process Parameters in Thermoforming of Unidirectional Fibre-Reinforced Thermoplastics

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