Viscosity of Aqueous Solutions of Phosphoric Acid at 25° C.

Abstract

To unravel the secrets Nature has locked up in petroleum, to probe at the heart of its composition, and to lay open-as on the operating table-the components in a way which accurately discloses their identity, API Research Project 6 has had this one well-selected representative petroleum under exhaustive examination continuously since 1928. To learn how different petroleums vary in composition, the project some years ago completed a long, but less exhaustive, analysis of the hydrocarbons in the gasoline fraction of seven different, carefully selected, representative petroleums. These latter data permit translating the extensive results obtained on the project's one representative petroleum to other petroleums on which only a few key points of data need be known or obtained. The exhaustive fraction-ation, although very costly, fortunately needs doing only once, and is of such a fundamental nature as to be particularly well suited to cooperative action by the entire industry.A detailed description of the petroleum under investigation and the fractionating processes used is given by Rossini, Mair, and Streiff (1). A complete list of the publications of API Research Project 6 is obtainable on request. LITERATURE CITED (

Density, Viscosity, and Thermal Conductivity of Electronic Grade Phosphoric Acid

“…In literature, the author measured the viscosities of phosphoric acid at 298.15 K, and the data were fit by three different equations based on the molality of phosphoric acid. In literature, the following equation covered the concentration range of that paper ( m = 9.89 to 50, namely, w = 49.2 % to 89.2 %) log ( η / mPa · s − 0.8902 ) = 1.334646 log m − 0.723152 The viscosity data measured in literature and in this paper were shown in Figure (the parameter transformation was done, and the abscissa was uniformed to w , mass fraction), and a comparison of the fitting results expressed by eqs and was also shown. It is seen that the viscosity data in literature are on average 5 % higher than that in this paper, which may be the impurity effect (phosphoric acid measured in literature was purified chemical pure grade).…”

“…In the article of MacDonald and Boyack, density and specific conductivity for H 3 PO 4 in the mass concentration range (86 to 102) % (the example is a mixture of orthophosphoric acid and pyrophosphoric acid when the mass fraction exceed 100 %) and temperatures at (298.15, 403.15, 413.15, 423.15, and 433.15) K were presented . In the article of Edwards and Huffman, viscosities of phosphoric acid solutions in the concentration range (0.21 to 6.93, 9.89 to 84.77) % in mole fraction at 298.15 K were presented . However, few studies reported the densities and viscosities of phosphoric acid from (283.15 to 313.15) K.…”

Densities, Viscosities, and Conductivities of Phosphonic Acid Solutions in N,N-Dimethylformamide and Water

“…The dynamic viscosity concentration dependences, η = f ( x 1 ), for the systems under investigation, as well as those for phosphoric acid solutions in DMF and water, are also shown in Figure (right axes, empty symbols) for 298.15 K. The comparison of the conductance and dynamic viscosity dependences on concentration allows supposing that the higher conductance of phosphonic acid aqueous solutions can be also determined by their lower viscosity (Figure b). In the case of solutions of the acids in DMF their viscosity does not influence considerably the conductance values, which are very close and rise for both acids (Figure a) with x 2 increasing, whereas the viscosity dependences on concentration for H 3 PO 4 (1) + DMF(2)] and H 3 PO 3 (1) + DMF(2)] systems differ dramatically (Figure a).…”

“…Concentration dependences of the specific conductivity, σ, (left axes, filled symbols) and dynamic viscosity, η, (right axes, empty symbols) of phosphoric (-▲-,-Δ-) and phosphonic (-●-, -○-) acid solutions in DMF (a) and water (b) at 298.15 K. The conductivity values for [H 3 PO 4 (1) + DMF(2)] and [H 3 PO 4 (1) + H 2 O­(2)] systems were taken from refs and , respectively. The data on the dynamic viscosity of [H 3 PO 4 (1) + DMF(2)] and [H 3 PO 4 (1) + H 2 O­(2)] systems were taken from refs and , respectively.…”

“…The conductivity of aqueous solutions of phosphoric acid has been studied in some works, but frequently the data are limited either by a certain range of H 3 PO 4 concentrations − or by the temperature range studied; , however, the only work, in which the conductivity of the acid aqueous solutions was studied over a wide concentration and temperature range, was published by Chin and Chang . The same situation is observed for the data on density , and viscosity ,,, of aqueous H 3 PO 4 solutions. The H 3 PO 4 –DMF system was investigated by us earlier with various physicochemical methods − in order to study its physicochemical properties and the dissociative and intermolecular interactions possible in the system.…”