Viscosity-Enhanced Fluid Drift around Hairy Structures

Lee, Hong-Ki; Kim, Daegyoum

doi:10.3390/fluids5010005

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 34 publications

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“…The lifestyle of many marine invertebrates depends on cilia, both motile and non‐motile, for sensory and motor functions in their fluid environment (Blake & Sleigh, 1974; Larsen & Riisgård, 2009; Hanasoge, Hesketh & Alexeev, 2018; Jordano, Morandini & Nagata, 2020; Joung, Lee & Kim, 2020). Life in the aquatic environment depends on ciliary action in multiple ways: to generate feeding currents, in nutrient and metabolite exchanges, for locomotion, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the role played by cilia in medusozoan feeding mechanics

Jordano,

Nagata,

Morandini

2024

Biological Reviews

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Cilia are widely present in metazoans and have various sensory and motor functions, including collection of particles through feeding currents in suspensivorous animals. Suspended particles occur at low densities and are too small to be captured individually, and therefore must be concentrated. Animals that feed on these particles have developed different mechanisms to encounter and capture their food. These mechanisms occur in three phases: (i) encounter; (ii) capture; and (iii) particle handling, which occurs by means of a cilia‐generated current or the movement of capturing structures (e.g. tentacles) that transport the particle to the mouth. Cilia may be involved in any of these phases. Some cnidarians, as do other suspensivorous animals, utilise cilia in their feeding mechanisms. However, few studies have considered ciliary flow when examining the biomechanics of cnidarian feeding. Anthozoans (sessile cnidarians) are known to possess flow‐promoting cilia, but these are absent in medusae. The traditional view is that jellyfish capture prey only by means of nematocysts (stinging structures) and mucus, and do not possess cilia that collect suspended particles. Herein, we first provide an overview of suspension feeding in invertebrates, and then critically analyse the presence, distribution, and function of cilia in the Cnidaria (mainly Medusozoa), with a focus on particle collection (suspension feeding). We analyse the different mechanisms of suspension feeding and sort them according to our proposed classification framework. We present a scheme for the phases of pelagic jellyfish suspension feeding based on this classification. There is evidence that cilia create currents but act only in phases 1 and 3 of suspension feeding in medusozoans. Research suggests that some scyphomedusae must exploit other nutritional sources besides prey captured by nematocysts and mucus, since the resources provided by this diet alone are insufficient to meet their energy requirements. Therefore, smaller particles and prey may be captured through other phase‐2 mechanisms that could involve ciliary currents. We hypothesise that medusae, besides capturing prey by nematocysts (present in the tentacles and oral arms), also capture small particles with their cilia, therefore expanding their trophic niche and suggesting reinterpretation of the trophic role of medusoid cnidarians as exclusively plankton predators. We suggest further study of particle collection by ciliary action and its influence on the biomechanics of jellyfishes, to expand our understanding of the ecology of this group.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the role played by cilia in medusozoan feeding mechanics

Jordano,

Nagata,

Morandini

2024

Biological Reviews

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Unsteady concentration transport over an array of cylinders in low-Reynolds-number flow

Lahooti

Kim

2020

Physics of Fluids

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The transport mechanism of concentration over an array of cylinders is investigated numerically for a transient low-Reynolds-number flow (Re = 1). This study is motivated by the olfactory sensing of antennules and their bio-inspired applications to chemical sensors. Two types of arrays, a single column of three cylinders and a square array of three by three cylinders, are used as simplified models for collecting concentration, and geometrical parameters such as gap size between the cylinders and initial distance between a concentration patch and the cylinder array are considered to evaluate how they change the concentration flux into the cylinders. The cumulative concentration flux of the array and the spatial distribution of concentration on the surface of the cylinder are compared between low and high Péclet numbers, Pe = 1 and 1000. For the low Péclet number, the flux efficiency is negatively affected by small gaps between the cylinders because the incoming concentration patch detours around the array due to hydrodynamic blockage in the gaps. By contrast, for the high Péclet number, the concentration flux benefits from entrapment of the patch over an extended period inside the array with narrow gaps, and thus, the flux efficiency can be superior to that of a single isolated cylinder. The flux efficiency of the array is in the inverse relationship with the initial distance of the patch from the cylinder array, and the high Péclet number exhibits a more notable drop in the flux efficiency with an increase in initial distance.

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Drag reduction and the Vogel exponent of a flexible beam in transient shear flows

et al. 2022

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Interactions between a flexible beam and a fluid in a channel is of great relevance to biological hairy surfaces, aquatic vegetation and many industrial systems alike. While steady state response of a beam to such flows are fairly well-explored, their behavior in the transient regime is not fully understood. A series of numerical simulations are performed to study the laminar Couette flow of an incompressible viscous fluid past an elastic beam in a two-dimensional channel. The flexible beam is perpendicular to the direction of flow, and its base is fixed to the stationary bottom of the channel. We measure the evolution of the Vogel exponent, drag reduction, and reconfiguration number during the transient and steady-state response of the fluid-structure system for different geometrical and physical properties. Our benchmark shows a good agreement between numerical and experimental observations. Our results show that the system's steady-state response at different bulk-fluid velocities can be reproduced by investigating the shear flow response during the transient regime. We define a new variable that characterizes the evolution of the local velocity profile in the proximity of the free end of the beam and use that to characterize the transient-regime response. The analysis yields insight into the competing effects of elasticity of the beam and non-linear flow response.

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Viscosity-Enhanced Fluid Drift around Hairy Structures

Cited by 3 publications

References 34 publications

A review of the role played by cilia in medusozoan feeding mechanics

A review of the role played by cilia in medusozoan feeding mechanics

Unsteady concentration transport over an array of cylinders in low-Reynolds-number flow

Drag reduction and the Vogel exponent of a flexible beam in transient shear flows

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