Viscosity characteristics of selected volcanic rock melts

Hobiger, Manuel; Sonder, Ingo; Büttner, Ralf; Zimanowski, Bernd

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.11.020

Cited by 26 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This melt is highly viscous (approx. 10 5 Pas for an experimental temperature of 1,473 K (Austin- Erickson et al 2008)), compared to the basaltic Grimsvötn melt whose viscosity is three orders of magnitude lower under similar conditions (Hobiger et al 2010), and all blow out ash particles are generated by brittle fragmentation mechanisms. In some of these particles small vesicles are visible, but their low abundance indicates that they had played a minor role for the fracture processes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fact that Tep nat and Grim nat ash particles are evidently similar-despite their considerably different chemical composition (Table 3) and the distinctly divergent rheology of their melts (Hobiger 2007;Austin-Erickson 2007;Andriani 2008;Hobiger et al 2010)-indicates that, at least in the studied natural cases, the shape of a particle is highly correlated to the generating fracture mechanism, rather than to its rheological or chemical material properties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative analyses of glass fragments from brittle fracture experiments and volcanic ash particles

et al. 2011

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Explosive volcanic eruptions are characterized by the rapid fragmentation of a magmatic melt into ash particles. In order to describe the energy dissipation during fragmentation it is important to understand the mechanism of material failure. A quantitative description of fragmentation is only possible under controlled laboratory conditions. Industrial silicate glasses have a high structural affinity with magmatic melts and have the advantage of being transparent, which allows the study of the evolution of fractures by optical methods on a time scale relevant for explosive volcanism. With this aim, a series of low speed edge-on hammer impact experiments on silicate glass targets has been conducted, leading to the generation of fragments in the grain-size spectra of volcanic ash. In order to verify the general transferability of the experimentally generated fragmentation dynamics to volcanic processes, the resulting products were compared, by means of statistical particle-shape analyses, to particles produced by standardized magma fragmentation experiments and to natural ash particles coming from deposits of basaltic and rhyolitic compositions from the 2004 Grimsvötn and the Quaternary Tepexitl tuff-ring eruptions, respectively. Natural ash particles from both Grimsvötn and Tepexitl show significant similarities with experimental fragments of thermally pre-stressed float glasses, indicating a dominant influence of preexisting stresses on particle shape and suggesting analogous fragmentation processes within the studied materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analyses of glass fragments from brittle fracture experiments and volcanic ash particles

et al. 2011

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“…Vetere et al, 2006;Vetere et al, 2007;Getson & Whittington, 2007;Vetere et al, 2008;Behrens & Hahn, 2009;Davi et al, 2009;Misiti et al, 2009;Misiti et al, 2011); with crystals (e.g. Villeneuve et al, 2008;Ishibashi & Sato, 2010;Hobiger et al, 2011) and varying water content (e.g. Whittington et al, 2000;Whittington et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rheology and the Fe3+–chlorine reaction in basaltic melts

2014

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“…under dry conditions, the St. Cyrus lavas would have a viscosity range similar to that of tholeiites from Kilauea, over a reasonable range of eruption temperatures (900-1100 °C). The experimental melting studies of Hobiger et al (2011) yield similar ranges of viscosities for a basalt with 5.5 wt% MgO from Grimsvötn, Iceland. Indeed, the viscosities are within the range for most modern pāhoehoe lava fields of Hawaii (Cervelli & Miklius 2003;Kauahikaua et al 2003) and elsewhere (e.g.…”

Section: Building the Volcanic Landformmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Calculated according to the method of Giordano et al (2008). Also shown is the field for Pu'u'Ōō pāhoehoe lavas for a range of 6-9% MgO, anhydrous (Giordano et al 2008;Hobiger et al 2011). The dotted line illustrates the effect of 20% crystal content on viscosity of MT21, anhydrous, where η melt = η magma (1 − Φ/Φ 0 ) −5/2 ; Φ is crystal fraction and Φ 0 is maximum packing (approximates to hexagonal close-packing; Mueller et al 2011).…”

Section: Building the Volcanic Landformmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lava–sediment interactions in an Old Red Sandstone basin, NE Scotland

Hole

Jolley

Hartley

et al. 2013

JGS

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The early Devonian, Old Red Sandstone succession at St. Cyrus, NE Scotland, includes the exceptional preservation of a lava field and its associated fluvial drainage system. The lava field developed through punctuated eruptions of low-volume pāhoehoe lava, fed by lava tubes. During periods of rapid effusion, groundwater systems were able to transmit most of the recharge in the subsurface, probably by springs, and where there were areas of localized low permeability, ephemeral lakes developed. Subsequent lava flows underwent significant interaction with the partly consolidated lacustrine sediment, forming peperite deposits. Fluvial conglomerates, with extra-basinal clasts, are interbedded with the lava flows. The maturity of the fluvial system suggests a long-lived catchment that transported sediment westwards. Drainage was periodically deflected away from the lava field by the positive topographic relief created by the lava flows, and was re-established during periods of volcanic dormancy. The lava field developed over periods of decades, but the fluvial systems were longer-lived by three or four orders of magnitude. A key feature of this lava field and its drainage is that the establishment and abandonment of fluvial systems immediately adjacent to the lava field was primarily controlled by the eruption dynamics of the magmatic system.

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Viscosity characteristics of selected volcanic rock melts

Cited by 26 publications

References 22 publications

Comparative analyses of glass fragments from brittle fracture experiments and volcanic ash particles

Comparative analyses of glass fragments from brittle fracture experiments and volcanic ash particles

Rheology and the Fe3+–chlorine reaction in basaltic melts

Lava–sediment interactions in an Old Red Sandstone basin, NE Scotland

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