Viscosity and Toxicity of Arsphenamine Solutions

Voegtlin, Carl; Johnson, James M.; Dyer, Helen A.

doi:10.2307/4577033

Cited by 3 publications

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“…M. Clark and associates (10) have indicated that the halogens lose the greater part of their toxicity when added under conditions which prevent the attainment of oxidation potentials positive to the indophenols. Voegtlin and collaborators (11), working with normal and cancer tissues, found that the "toxic action of dyes depends to some extent on their oxidizing power for reduced glutathione, and also on other features of their molecular structure" and demonstrated by toxicity tests "the existence of a biological antagonism between reduced glutathione and methylene blue." In the course of their studies on the intracellular oxidation-reduction potentials of Amveba duma, Cohen, Chambers and Reznikoff (12) observed that "the reductauts of toxic oxidants were usually nontoxic" and that "the diazines were decidedly toxic.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Relation of the Bacteriostatic Action of Certain Dyes to Oxidation-Reduction Processes

Dubos

1929

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Oxidized indophenols and methylene blue are bacteriostatic for Pneumococcus and hemolytic streptococci of human and bovine origin, while the indigoes, malachite green and litmus are not toxic. 2-Chloroindophenol, the most positive of the indicators of oxidation-reduction potentials used, is also the only one to have a bacteriostatic action on cheese strains of Streptococcus hæmolyticus. Methylene blue and the indophenols are no longer bacteriostatic when present in a reduced form in a medium capable of maintaining them in such a condition. A comparison of these results with the growth in plain broth of the organisms studied suggests that the "inhibiting" dyes "poise" the medium at an oxidation potential outside the range in which the inhibited organisms can grow.

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confidence: 99%

The Relation of the Bacteriostatic Action of Certain Dyes to Oxidation-Reduction Processes

Dubos

1929

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…Suggestive evidence along this line is furcnished by the fact that Voegtln, Johnson, and Dyer (11), by means of redox indicators, have found that rat liver and testis exhibit a relatively high reducing power, whereas blood plasma and serum are unable to reduce even very small amounts of the indicators under anaerobic conditions. The rapid oxidation of SH glutathione in serum may be due perhaps to the catalytic effect of traces of copper, which are known to occur in normal human and horse serum.…”

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confidence: 92%

The Action of Sulphydril, Iron, and Cyanide Compounds on the Oxygen Consumption of Living Cells

Rosenthal¹,

Voegtlin²

1931

Public Health Reports (1896-1970)

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“…It so happened that the yeast used in this experiment gave by itself, in the absence of sugar, an exceptionally strong (up to 3 +) colour, hence the inhibitory action of the cyanide was well shown. Voegtlin, Johnson and Dyer [1926] find that glutathione, cystine and cysteine act as antidotes to NaCN, which changes the first two of these three compounds to the reduced forms.…”

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confidence: 96%

The liberation from yeast of substances giving the nitroprusside reaction

Pourbaix¹,

Kennaway²

1928

Biochemical Journal

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THE observations recorded here were made in the course of a study, of which one part is described elsewhere [Barry et at. 1928] of the action of arsenic upon oxidation-reduction systems. We endeavoured at first to examine the fixation of arsenic by glutathione which has been described in several papers by Voegtlin and his fellow-workers [1923, 1925]. To this reaction they have assigned great importance in the detoxication of arsenical compounds, and the process should be of considerable interest in connection with arsenic cancer. Our experiments were made with the skin and muscle of the rat, the Jensen sarcoma, the liver of the calf and fowl, and yeast. We could not find the expected constant difference in the strength of the nitroprusside reaction between extracts of these materials which had, or had not, been treated with solutions of arsenites. Evidently the effect upon the nitroprusside reaction of the combination of arsenic with glutathione, which Voegtlin seems to regard as beyond doubt2, requires investigation. However, in the course of these experiments we were led to note the liberation by a number of physical and chemical agents of substances giving the nitroprusside reaction, and these observations are recorded here. TECHNIQUE. The experiments, begun with mammalian cells, have been carried on up till now with yeast, a very convenient material. 2 g. compressed yeast were suspended in 20 cc. of fluid, which was either Pasteur's solution, 10 % sucrose or dextrose in water, or distilled water alone. We have not checked every result given below with yeast suspended in each one of these four media, but in general the effects appear to be of the same relative order whichever medium is used. As a rule the order of increasing strength of nitroprusside ' This temperature is about 100 above the optimum for the growth of yeast, but this does not affect the comparative value of the results, and the investigation brought forward here was concerned with a search for cytol,ytic agents rather than with the growth of yeast.

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Viscosity and Toxicity of Arsphenamine Solutions

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

The Relation of the Bacteriostatic Action of Certain Dyes to Oxidation-Reduction Processes

The Relation of the Bacteriostatic Action of Certain Dyes to Oxidation-Reduction Processes

The Action of Sulphydril, Iron, and Cyanide Compounds on the Oxygen Consumption of Living Cells

The liberation from yeast of substances giving the nitroprusside reaction

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