Viscosity and thermal properties of slag in the process of autogenous smelting of copper–zinc concentrates

Abstract

The temperature dependences of slag viscosity in the process of autogenous smelting of copperzinc concentrated products in Vanyukov furnaces (VF) at the Sredneuralsky Copper Smeltery JSC have been revealed. Values of viscous flow activation energy have been determined. Phase transition temperatures in the processes of slag heating and cooling have been measured. The influence of calcium oxide additives on viscosity and on the crystallised slag liquidus point has been evaluated. The results obtained may be used for slag composition improvement with the purpose to reduce copper losses and simplify material preparation to subsequent depletion operation.

Quantitative Methods to Support Data Acquisition Modernization within Copper Smelters

“…For simplicity, x can be fixed to 1, although typical values can range between 1.0 and 1.1, depending on the nature and quantity of the flux and the monitoring and control of the process itself; in particular, a low level of magnetite in slag is desirable, which is associated with low slag viscosity. In practice, the flux is predominantly silica SiO 2 , but certain smelters include varying quantities of CaO and other stable oxides; CaO is especially common in continuous converting [21], which is an alternative to the conventional PS converting [16]. The SO 2 is captured for sulfuric acid production, and the blister copper is subject to fire refining prior to being cast into anodes that undergo electrolytic refining.…”

“…Following the results of Appendix A, it is relatively simple to program Equations ( 10) and ( 11) into a simulation platform, thereby relating slag chemistry to the wustite-magnetite balance and, indeed, to the overall mass balance. Depending on the project, Goto's model may be an appropriate starting point, although it does not consider olivine slags [21], nor does it consider the transport of minor elements. In practice, it is preferable to have more wustite than magnetite, since the latter increases the slag viscosity and the entrainment of matte into the slag [21,33].…”

“…Depending on the project, Goto's model may be an appropriate starting point, although it does not consider olivine slags [21], nor does it consider the transport of minor elements. In practice, it is preferable to have more wustite than magnetite, since the latter increases the slag viscosity and the entrainment of matte into the slag [21,33]. The modification of slag chemistry through flux additions affects the migration of minor elements [22,23], possibly at the expense of having higher slag viscosity [21].…”

“…In practice, it is preferable to have more wustite than magnetite, since the latter increases the slag viscosity and the entrainment of matte into the slag [21,33]. The modification of slag chemistry through flux additions affects the migration of minor elements [22,23], possibly at the expense of having higher slag viscosity [21].…”

Effect of B2O3 on viscosity of high-magnesia blast furnace slag

“…После охлаждения его измельчали, смешивали с борным ангидридом, взятым в количестве, необходимом для достижения в исследуемом расплаве 3, 6, 9 и 12 % B 2 O 3 , затем помещали в молибденовый тигель, нагревали до 1550 °С и проводили измерения вязкости. Для этого использовали вибрационный вискозиметр, работающий в режиме вынужденных колебаний [26,27] с фиксацией температуры расплава вольфрам-рениевой термопарой. Измерительный щуп был изготовлен из молибдена для исключения его взаимодействия с расплавом.…”