Viscosity and density sensing with ultrasonic plate waves

Martin, B.A.; Wenzel, S.W.; White, Richard M.

doi:10.1016/0924-4247(89)80062-7

Cited by 124 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…However, by modifying the sensitive surface, a shear movement can be used to selectively sense for changes in liquid density. Establishing liquid traps by creating a corrugated surface enforces portions of the liquid to follow the shear movement leading to associated changes in resonance frequency or wave velocity [22,23].…”

Section: Basic Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microacoustic Sensors for Liquid Monitoring

et al. 2001

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In recent years, much effort has been expended to developing miniaturized, reliable sensors for measuring physical and chemical liquid properties. Microacoustic devices may be employed to determinate physical quantities perturbing the propagation conditions of the acoustic wave, even in liquid environments. For liquid sensors, acoustic modes with shear polarization are often used in order to avoid radiation losses. Examples are shear bulk modes, surface skimming bulk waves, shear-horizontal acoustic plate modes, and Love modes. Furthermore, modes with sagittal polarization may be applied if their phase velocity is sufficiently lower than the sound velocity in the adjacent liquid. General interactions between acoustic waves and liquids are viscous coupling, acoustoelectric effects, and mass loading. The resulting changes in device frequency and attenuation may be utilized for sensing purposes.The general advantages of microacoustic sensors are high sensitivity, simple fabrication, and quasidigital frequency readout. Hence, a wide variety of devices based on different modes for very different applications has been discussed in the relevant literature. The aim of this review is to provide a systematic overview of microacoustic sensors particularlay suited for operation in liquids.First, we provide a brief introductionto surfaceacousticwave devices and the underlying physics, basic microacoustic structures, and general measurement techniques. A description of the mechanisms of interaction between liquids and acoustic waves is then followed by a comprehensive survey covering the different types of microacoustic liquid sensors, with emphasis on the mode-specific device properties. Thereafter, aspects of material selection and device fabrication are summarized. Lastly, an overview is given indicating where microacoustic liquid sensors have already been put into practice and where their application may be expected in the near future.

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Section: Basic Principlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microacoustic Sensors for Liquid Monitoring

et al. 2001

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“…Analysis of the frequency shifts to determine the viscosity of liquids has also been achieved using microacoustic [5], magnetic acoustic and optical sensors [6], and ultrasound [7]. These methods employed very precise experimental setups and required an exact impulse to be applied to the unknown liquid from which inferences about its viscosity could be made.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discriminating liquids using a robotic kitchen assistant

Elbrechter

Maycock

Haschke

et al. 2015

2015 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

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Abstract-A necessary skill when using liquids in the preparation of food is to be able to estimate viscosity, e.g. in order to control the pouring velocity or to determine the thickness of a sauce. We introduce a method to allow a robotic kitchen assistant discriminate between different but visually similar liquids. Using a Kinect depth camera, surface changes, induced by a simple pushing motion, are recorded and used as input to nearest neighbour and polynomial regression classification models. Results reveal that even when the classifier is trained on a relatively small dataset it generalises well to unknown containers and liquid fill rates. Furthermore, the regression model allows us to determine the approximate viscosity of unknown liquids.

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“…This method has been successfully employed in industrial real-time detection applications [11,12] even though some ranges of fluid viscosity-specifically in comparative applications-are not detectable due to the low vibration amplitude of this measurement system (Agoston, et al, 2005). In biological applications, micromachined quartz resonators have been used as density and viscosity measurement systems [13,14]. However, the piezoelectric films are not easily integrable during microfabrication [15].…”

Section: Vibrating Microcantilevermentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Suspended Polymeric Microfluidics (SPMF3) with Flow Orthogonal to Bending (FOB) for Fluid Analysis through Kinematic Viscosity

2017

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Abstract:Measuring of fluid properties such as dynamic viscosity and density has tremendous potential for various applications from physical to biological to chemical sensing. However, it is almost impossible to affect only one of these properties, as dynamic viscosity and density are coupled. Hence, this paper proposes kinematic viscosity as a comprehensive parameter which can be used to study the effect of fluid properties applicable to various fluids from Newtonian fluids, such as water, to non-Newtonian fluids, such as blood. This paper also proposes an ideal microplatform, namely polymeric suspended microfluidics (SPMF 3 ), with flow plane orthogonal to the bending plane of the structure, along with tested results of various fluids covering a wide range of engineering applications. Kinematic viscosity, also called momentum diffusivity, considers changes in both fluid intermolecular forces and molecular inertia that define dynamic viscosity and fluid density, respectively. In this study a 3D suspended polymeric microfluidic system (SPMF 3 ) was employed to detect changes in fluid parameters such as dynamic viscosity and density during fluid processes. Using this innovative design along with theoretical and experimental results, it is shown that, in fluids, the variations of fluid density and dynamic viscosity are not easily comprehensible due to their interconnectivity. Since any change in a fluid will affect both density and dynamic viscosity, measuring both of them is necessary to identify the fluid or process status. Finally, changes in fluid properties were analyzed using simulation and experiments. The experimental results with salt-DI water solution and milk with different fat concentrations as a colloidal fluid show that kinematic viscosity is a comprehensive parameter that can identify the fluids in a unique way using the proposed microplatform.

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Viscosity and density sensing with ultrasonic plate waves

Cited by 124 publications

References 4 publications

Microacoustic Sensors for Liquid Monitoring

Microacoustic Sensors for Liquid Monitoring

Discriminating liquids using a robotic kitchen assistant

3D Suspended Polymeric Microfluidics (SPMF3) with Flow Orthogonal to Bending (FOB) for Fluid Analysis through Kinematic Viscosity

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