Viscosities of Solutions and Mixtures

Viswanath, Dabir S.; Ghosh, Tushar K.; Prasad, D. H. L.; Dutt, N. V. K.; Rani, K. Yamuna

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-5482-2_5

Cited by 14 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…The simplest model for predicting the viscosity of liquid mixtures is the Arrhenius equation [ 43 ], but the additive model neglects thermodynamic parameters characteristic of the interactions between components and results in inaccurate predictions. The Grunberg–Nissan model, based on a modification of the Arrhenius equation to account for the excess free energy of mixing, shown in Equation (2), is commonly used to describe the viscosity of liquid mixtures [ 44 , 45 , 46 ]:

where η is the viscosity of a mixture, η i and x i are the viscosity and the mole fraction of each component in the mixture, respectively, and G ij is an interaction parameter dependent on the components and temperature. A negative value of G ij indicates favorable mixing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation of a Model Resin System for Benchmarking Processing-Property Relationships in High-Performance Photo 3D Printing Applications

Makarian

Alvarez

et al. 2020

Materials

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A well-defined resin system is needed to serve as a benchmark for 3D printing of high-performance composites. This work describes the design and characterization of such a system that takes into account processability and performance considerations. The Grunberg–Nissan model for resin viscosity and the Fox equation for polymer Tg were used to determine proper monomer ratios. The target viscosity of the resin was below 500 cP, and the target final Tg of the cured polymer was 150 °C based on tan-δ peak from dynamic mechanical analysis. A tri-component model resin system, termed DA-2 resin, was determined and fully characterized. The printed polymer exhibited good thermal properties and high mechanical strength after post-cure, but has a comparatively low fracture toughness. The model resin will be used in additive manufacturing of fiber reinforced composite materials as well as for understanding the fundamental processing–property relationships in light-based 3D printing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation of a Model Resin System for Benchmarking Processing-Property Relationships in High-Performance Photo 3D Printing Applications

Makarian

Alvarez

et al. 2020

Materials

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“…There exist numerous models for viscosities of mixtures and this paper does not intend to present all of them, but rather just a narrow selection of representative models. For a more detailed literature review on the rule of mixtures, the reader is referred to the works of Viswanath et al [5], Centeno et al [6] and Tariq et al [7].…”

Section: Models For Viscosity Prediction Of Multicomponent Bindersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Models to Predict the Viscosity of Metal Injection Molding Feedstock Materials as Function of Their Formulation

González-Gutiérrez

Đuretek

Kukla

et al. 2016

Metals

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Abstract:The viscosity of feedstock materials is directly related to its processability during injection molding; therefore, being able to predict the viscosity of feedstock materials based on the individual properties of their components can greatly facilitate the formulation of these materials to tailor properties to improve their processability. Many empirical and semi-empirical models are available in the literature that can be used to predict the viscosity of polymeric blends and concentrated suspensions as a function of their formulation; these models can partly be used also for metal injection molding binders and feedstock materials. Among all available models, we made a narrow selection and used only simple models that do not require knowledge of molecular weight or density and have parameters with physical background. In this paper, we investigated the applicability of several of these models for two types of feedstock materials each one with different binder composition and powder loading. For each material, an optimal model was found, but each model was different; therefore, there is not a universal model that fits both materials investigated, which puts under question the underlying physical meaning of these models.

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“…Figure 5 presents the logarithm of apparent viscosity (log η a ) for HA/PVA blends vs. HA weight fraction (

). The experimental log η a values are drawn together with the values obtained according the additivity rule expressed by Equation (6):

where log η m is the logarithm of the apparent shear viscosity of the polymer blend, log η A and log η B are the logarithms of the apparent shear viscosity of polymers A and B, respectively [ 41 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spectrum of HA film was cast from distilled water and shows a broad absorption band at about 3310 cm −1 (OH and NH stretching modes); the peak at 1610 cm −1 corresponds to carbonyl stretching bands of carboxylate [ 42 , 43 ]. An intense band extending between 900–1200 cm −1 corresponds to C-O stretching vibrations in alcohols (1020 cm −1 and 1080 cm −1 ), while the shoulder at 1152 cm −1 is assigned to C-O-C stretching vibrations in glycosidic groups [ 41 ]. In the spectrum of HA film cast from 0.1 mol dm −3 HCl solution, amide I and II bands are observed at 1644 cm −1 and 1562 cm −1 (marked with an asterisk) in which the asymmetric of stretching carboxylate groups greatly decreased.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miscibility Studies of Hyaluronic Acid and Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Blends in Various Solvents

Lewandowska¹

2020

Materials

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In this study, blends based on hyaluronic acid (HA) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were characterized by the viscometric method, steady shear rheological tests and FTIR spectroscopy (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). Viscometric studies showed the miscibility of HA and PVA in distilled water: 0.1 mol dm−3 NaCl and 0.1 mol dm−3 HCl. The method proposed by Garcia et al. was applied to assess the miscibility of polymers, while [η] and b were introduced to determine of miscibility from the Huggins plots. The viscometric data showed that the attractive forces of HA and PVA were dominant when dissolved in 0.1 mol dm−3 NaCl and 0.1 mol dm−3 HCl, while, in distilled water, repulsive forces played the leading role. All polymer solutions were well characterized using a power law model, and exhibited non-Newtonian behavior with pseudoplasticity increasing with the increasing weight fraction of HA in 0.1 mol dm−3 NaCl and 0.1 mol dm−3 HCl. FTIR studies exhibited the formation of new intermolecular interactions between HA and PVA via hydrogen bonding.

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Viscosities of Solutions and Mixtures

Cited by 14 publications

References 103 publications

Formulation of a Model Resin System for Benchmarking Processing-Property Relationships in High-Performance Photo 3D Printing Applications

Formulation of a Model Resin System for Benchmarking Processing-Property Relationships in High-Performance Photo 3D Printing Applications

Models to Predict the Viscosity of Metal Injection Molding Feedstock Materials as Function of Their Formulation

Miscibility Studies of Hyaluronic Acid and Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Blends in Various Solvents

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