Viscosities of molten alkali-metal bromides and iodides

Sato, Yuzuru; Fukasawa, Mikio; Yamamura, Tsutomu

doi:10.1007/bf02575253

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…(3) Viscosity: The viscosity of the quaternary electrolyte can be predicted theoretically based on the observed viscosity of pure molten-salt. [22][23][26][27] There are three models of viscosity, which correspond to Arrhenius empirical approach, Eyring model, and polynomials, as listed in Equations (3)- (5).…”

Section: Thermodynamic Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LiF 1118 1.79 (1150 K) [22] 0.58 [4] 1.958 (1133 K) [23] 8.66 (1150 K) [22] 1.436 (1118 K) [24] LiCl 883 1.49 (910 K) [22] 0.5 � 0.2 (913 K) 2.0 � 0.2 (1273 K) [25] 1.508 (886 K) [26] 5.86 (910 K) [22] 0.7265 (883 K) [24] LiBr 823 2.49 (880 K) [22] 0.28 [4] 1.753 (823 K) [27] 5.00 (880 K) [22] 0.4748 (820 K) [24] LiI 722 3.09 (760 K) [22] 1.2 � 0.5 (823 K) 2.5 � 0.5 (1223 K) [21] 2.118 (742 K) [27] 3.97 (760 K) [22] 0.3461 (722 K) [24] Table 2. The density of LiX (X = F, Cl, Br, I).…”

Section: Thermodynamic Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design of Refined Quaternary Electrolyte LiF−LiCl−LiBr−LiI Used for the Liquid Metal Battery

Zhao,

Guo,

et al. 2023

ChemPhysChem

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The advanced electrolyte of liquid metal battery should have low melting point, low ionic solubility, low viscosity, high electric and thermal conductivities, and a suitable density between anode and cathode for declining the operating temperature and realizing the goal of saving‐energy. In this study, an excellent quaternary LiF−LiCl−LiBr−LiI (9.1 : 30.0 : 21.7 : 39.2) electrolyte is refined by using thermodynamic models to balance various properties of LiX (X=F, Cl, Br, I) and meet the requirement of advanced electrolyte of liquid metal battery. The refined properties of electrolyte correspond to 2.398 g/cm3 for density, 0.286 mol% for solubility, 4.486 Ohm−1 cm−1 for ionic conductivity, and 0.609 W m−1 for thermal conductivity. The measured melting point is 609.1 K, which is lower than the current operating temperature of 723 K for the lithium‐based liquid metal battery. The refined electrolyte consisted by quaternary halide molten‐salt provides important references for preparing the advanced liquid metal battery.

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Section: Thermodynamic Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thermodynamic Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Refined Quaternary Electrolyte LiF−LiCl−LiBr−LiI Used for the Liquid Metal Battery

Zhao,

Guo,

et al. 2023

ChemPhysChem

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“…An outlet of special shape was attached to the capillary at the bottom in order to compensate surface tenc 2011 Verlag der Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, Tübingen · http://znaturforsch.com sion forces, connected with meniscus. For more details, see [5,8].…”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Before each measurement the viscometer was calibrated and the constants C 1 and C 2 in the following equation were precisely determined [8]:…”

Section: Determination Of the Viscometer Constantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscosity of Molten Rare Earth Metal Trichlorides II. Cerium Subgroup

Potapov

Sato

2011

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung A

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The kinematic viscosity of molten LaCl 3 , CeCl 3 , PrCl 3 , NdCl 3 , and SmCl 3 was measured directly by using a capillary viscometer made of quartz and a transparent electric furnace. Viscosity of molten PmCl 3 and EuCl 3 was estimated using common tendencies in the lanthanides row. The dynamic viscosity was computed by using the most reliable density data taken from literature. The viscosity of molten lanthanides trichlorides at the same temperature changes slightly within a cerium lanthanides subgroup. Molten EuCl 3 perhaps has abnormally low viscosity.

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“…26,27 It has been shown 28,29 for molecular liquids that ⌬H H ӷ⌬H J . The activation energy required for either of these processes is the sum of the energies involved in the hole formation ͑⌬H H ͒ and jumping into the hole ͑⌬H J ͒.…”

Section: B Temperature-dependent Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-resolved polaron dynamics in molten solutions of cesium-doped cesium iodide

Chandrasekhar

Unterreiner

2007

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Temperature-dependent investigations of excess electrons in molten solutions of cesium-doped cesium iodide (Cs-CsI) (mole fraction of Cs approximately 0.003) were performed applying femtosecond pump-probe absorption spectroscopy. The pulse-limited induced bleach observed at probe wavelengths from 600 to 1240 nm was attributed to the excitation of equilibrated excess electrons which were initially formed by melting a Cs-CsI mixture. The interpretation of the relaxation process is based on strongly localized polarons that constitute the majority of defect states in this melt. As expected, the bipolaron contribution was insignificant. The time constants (tau1) were found to be temperature dependent confirming our earlier findings in Na-NaI melts that ionic diffusion almost exclusively controls the dynamics of excess electrons in high temperature ionic liquids. Apart from this temperature dependence, the relaxation dynamics of excess electrons do not differ irrespective of the excitation regime (blue or red part of the respective stationary spectra).

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Viscosities of molten alkali-metal bromides and iodides

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Design of Refined Quaternary Electrolyte LiF−LiCl−LiBr−LiI Used for the Liquid Metal Battery

Design of Refined Quaternary Electrolyte LiF−LiCl−LiBr−LiI Used for the Liquid Metal Battery

Viscosity of Molten Rare Earth Metal Trichlorides II. Cerium Subgroup

Time-resolved polaron dynamics in molten solutions of cesium-doped cesium iodide

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